培训背景可以弥补相对年龄对从童年到青春期的感知认知技能的影响所带来的不利影响吗?
Xiaoyu Zhang1, Freddy Maso2, Brigitte Ekpe-Lordonnois3
1Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand,France.
Pediatric exercise science
|August 13, 2025
概括
相对年龄效应 (RAE) 对中等训练的年轻人的感知认知技能造成不利影响. 然而,持续的体育训练可以抵消这种RAE缺点,确保跨出生季度的可比技能发展.
科学领域:
- 体育科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 人类运动 人类运动
背景情况:
- 相对年龄效应 (RAE) 是一个记录良好的现象,在选择年早出生的人具有发育上的优势.
- 这种优势可能会影响年轻运动员发展关键的感知认知技能.
- 了解RAE如何影响技能发展,以及训练是否可以减轻这些影响,对于公平的运动员发展至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 检查RAE对男性青少年感知认知技能发展的影响.
- 调查一下持续体育训练的背景是否可以抵消RAE的负面影响.
主要方法:
- 根据出生四分之一和训练强度分组了165名10-16岁的男性参与者 (中度训练:1-2次/周;训练良好:4-5次/周).
- 用NeuroTracker (NT) 评估感知认知技能,这是一个3D多个对象跟踪任务,有和没有立体.
- 统计分析比较了NeuroTracker在出生季度和培训组中的得分.
主要成果:
- 经过中等训练的参与者从第一个到第四个出生季度 (BQ1-BQ4) 的NT分数显著下降.
- 训练有素的参与者在出生四分位数的NT得分中没有显著差异.
- 第四个出生四分位数 (BQ4) 中训练有素的参与者表现与前三个四分位数 (BQ1-BQ3) 中训练有素的参与者相比相当.
结论:
- 在受过中等训练的年轻人中,RAE显著不利于感知认知技能,特别是那些出生于下半年的年轻人.
- 强烈的体育训练对RAE起到显著的缓冲作用,使训练有素的个人能够克服相对年龄的劣势.
- 培训背景是可以减轻或消除RAE对从童年到青春期技能发展的负面影响的关键因素.
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