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在气候变化下优化阿尔卑斯山森林的可持续和多功能管理
Leo Gallus Bont1, Michael Hölscher2, Simon Mutterer3,4
1Forest Resources and Management, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland. leo.bont@wsl.ch.
Scientific reports
|August 13, 2025
概括
适应气候变化的山林管理对于维持生物多样性和生态系统服务至关重要. 优化策略,包括接近自然的方法,可以增强森林保护和弹性.
科学领域:
- 林业和生态 林业和生态
- 适应气候变化 适应气候变化
- 生态系统服务生态系统服务
背景情况:
- 气候变化威胁到山林的可持续性,影响生物多样性和重要的生态系统服务,如对自然灾害的保护.
- 森林是对危害的经济有效的自然防御,但管理者需要战略来确保在不断变化的气候条件下确保未来的多功能性.
研究的目的:
- 在气候变化情景下,开发和应用一个决策支持框架,以优化阿尔卑斯山森林的森林管理战略.
- 评估不同管理组合对生物多样性和生态系统服务的影响,特别是在保护自然灾害的森林中.
主要方法:
- 利用气候敏感森林生长模型ForClim和定制的多目标优化方法.
- 整合了三个气候变化场景,并为阿尔卑斯山森林企业提供了三个不同的优化场景.
- 考虑了提供保护服务的森林对引力自然危害的特殊需求.
主要成果:
- 多元化和优化的管理策略组合可以同时保护和增强生态系统服务和生物多样性.
- 在严重的气候变化下,需要大幅增加适应气候,接近自然的森林管理 (68-78%).
- 气候适应战略改善了生物多样性和生态系统服务,特别是碳捕获.
结论:
- 开发的模拟和优化框架灵活,对山林管理的决策支持有价值.
- 森林管理规划必须越来越多地采用这样的框架,以建立应对气候变化不确定性的性,并实现多功能性的政治目标.
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