怀孕会降低针对新型变种的COVID-19疫苗免疫力
Maclaine A Parish1, Jaiprasath Sachithanandham1, Lizeth Gutierrez2
1W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
NPJ vaccines
|August 13, 2025
概括
孕妇对COVID-19mRNA增强剂的免疫反应发生变化,抗体宽度降低,但对新变种的细胞免疫力增强. 这会影响怀孕期间疫苗的有效性.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 孕产妇与胎儿的医学
背景情况:
- 孕妇面临着COVID-19等传染病的更高风险.
- 从初始疫苗试验中排除可能会导致孕妇人群中提升剂摄入量较低.
- 了解怀孕对疫苗免疫力的影响对于母婴健康至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较怀孕和非怀孕妇女对COVID-19mRNA增强剂的血清和细胞免疫反应.
- 为了调查怀孕如何影响免疫力对祖先和新型SARS-CoV-2变种.
- 确定有助于孕妇疫苗有效性的因素.
主要方法:
- 对抗体交叉反应性和中和能力的分析.
- 对抗体同型的评估 (IgG1:IgG3比率).
- 评估细胞免疫反应,包括T细胞群和先天性免疫细胞功能 (NK细胞,中性粒细胞).
主要成果:
- 孕妇对XBB.1.5和JN.1.5等变种的抗体交叉反应性和中和性较低.
- 非怀孕的个体显示出更高的IgG1:IgG3比率和中和.
- 怀孕与抗体依赖NK细胞活性增加,中性粒细胞化,记忆CD4+T细胞和IFNγ产生有关,特别是针对新型变异.
结论:
- 怀孕可能会减少对COVID-19疫苗和变种的幽默免疫的范围,组成和程度.
- 在怀孕期间增强的先天和细胞免疫反应可能会提供部分补偿.
- 需要进一步的研究来优化孕妇群体的COVID-19疫苗策略.
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