全国范围内的自然实验将建筑环境与体力活动联系起来
Tim Althoff1, Boris Ivanovic2, Abby C King3,4
1Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. althoff@cs.washington.edu.
Nature
|August 13, 2025
概括
搬到一个可以走路的邻里可以显著增加每天的步伐和适度到强烈的体力活动. 这种建筑环境的变化促进了健康增强的体力活动,即使在不同的人口群体中并且随着时间的推移而持续.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生
- 城市规划
- 行为科学
背景情况:
- 身体活动对健康至关重要,
- 建筑环境,特别是可步行环境,显示出增加人口水平的体力活动的潜力.
- 之前的研究对建筑环境对身体活动的影响产生了不一致的结果,这通常是由于方法上的限制.
研究的目的:
- 评估建筑环境可行性对客观测量的体力活动的纵向影响.
- 通过使用大型队列,客观测量和纵向设计来解决先前研究的局限性.
- 在迁移到具有不同可行性的地区后,调查人体内行为变化.
主要方法:
- 利用美国2,112,288名智能手机用户的大量数据, 客观测量了248,266天的体力活动数据.
- 分析了1,609个美国城市的7,447个搬迁事件,将不同的建筑环境视为自然实验.
- 在不同可行性区域之间移动后,检查了个人身体活动的变化,控制住所自选.
主要成果:
- 搬迁后增加的步行能力与体力活动的显著增加有关,包括移居到更容易步行的城市时平均每天增加1,100步.
- 这些身体活动的增加持续了至少3个月,并且在不同性别,年龄和体重指数 (BMI) 类别中观察到.
- 活动的增加主要是中度到强度的体力活动,这与健康的实质性益处有关.
结论:
- 建筑环境直接影响增强健康的体力活动水平.
- 迁移到更适合步行的环境会导致身体活动持续增加.
- 这些发现支持旨在改善步行能力的城市规划政策, 以促进公共健康.
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