关于COVID-19医疗报告的数据分析和机器学习模型与XAI进行了改进,以提高可用性
Oliver Lohaj1, Ján Paralič1, Zuzana Paraličová2
1Department of Cybernetics and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Technical University of Kosice, Letná 9, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia.
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 14, 2025
概括
机器学习模型,特别是LightGBM,使用电子健康数据有效预测COVID-19的严重程度和死亡风险. 这些模型有助于医学决策和对疾病的理解.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 数据科学数据科学数据科学
- 机器学习 机器学习
背景情况:
- 有效的数据分析和机器学习 (ML) 解决方案对于医学决策和了解COVID-19至关重要.
- 分析电子病历 (EMR) 可以提供有关疾病进展和患者结果的宝贵见解.
研究的目的:
- 在COVID-19的背景下,确定有效的数据分析和ML解决方案,用于医疗决策.
- 分析影响COVID-19疾病严重程度和死亡风险的因素.
- 开发和验证COVID-19严重程度和死亡率的预测模型.
主要方法:
- 利用了各种ML模型,包括LightGBM,XGBoost,随机森林,SVM和从4711名COVID-19患者的EMR数据上的后勤回归.
- 采用统计方法,LASSO回归和SHAP值来选择特征和模型可解释性.
- 使用精度,F1得分和ROC AUC.评估模型性能. 在外部队列上验证了死亡率预测模型.
主要成果:
- 轻GBM模型在预测COVID-19严重程度 (89.5%准确度) 和死亡风险 (83.7%ROC AUC) 中表现出卓越的表现.
- 通过特征重要性分析确定了影响严重程度和死亡率的关键因素.
- 由医学专家开发并测试了集成简化预测模型的基于Web的应用程序,实现了73.3%的整体预测准确度.
结论:
- 机器学习,特别是LightGBM,为预测COVID-19严重程度和死亡风险提供了有效的解决方案.
- 开发的预测模型和Web应用程序可以支持临床决策,并提高对COVID-19的理解.
- 可解释的人工智能方法为推动疾病结果的因素提供了洞察力.
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