中性粒细胞和NET在病理生理学和炎症性肠病治疗中的作用
Marina Ortega-Zapero1,2, Raquel Gomez-Bris1,3, Ines Pascual-Laguna2
1LamImSys Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
International journal of molecular sciences
|August 14, 2025
概括
中性粒细胞和中性粒细胞外细胞陷 (NETs) 在炎症性肠病 (IBD) 中起着复杂的作用. 虽然它们可以帮助对抗微生物,但它们的过度活性会损害肠道,增加风险,需要向治疗.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 胃肠病学 胃肠病学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 炎症性肠病 (IBD),包括性结肠炎 (UC) 和克罗恩病 (CD),涉及免疫系统失调导致慢性肠道炎症.
- 中性粒细胞是关键的先天性免疫细胞,通过活性氧物种 (ROS),细胞因子释放和中性粒细胞外细胞陷 (NETs) 参与IBD病原发生.
- 网状DNA结构的NET在IBD中升高,具有双重作用:抗菌防御和组织修复与促进上皮损伤,屏障功能障碍和血栓形成,当调节不当时.
研究的目的:
- 在IBD的背景下,审查中性粒细胞和NET的多方面的作用.
- 使用最近的奥米克研究来探索炎症肠道中性粒细胞异质性.
- 讨论NETosis的分子机制,NET清除,以及它们对IBD病理学及其潜在治疗干预措施的影响.
主要方法:
- 审查有关中性粒细胞,NET和IBD的现有文献.
- 关于中性粒细胞异质性的单细胞和空间奥米学研究结果的摘要.
- 分析调节NET形成,降解和清除的分子通路.
主要成果:
- 中性粒细胞在炎症肠道中表现出显著的异质性,有助于组织损伤和微生物清除.
- NETs破坏了上皮屏障,重塑细胞外基质,促进血栓形成,并在IBD中改变肠道微生物群.
- 失调的NETosis通过促进上皮损伤和屏障破坏,加剧IBD.
结论:
- 针对中性粒细胞功能和NET平衡提供IBD潜在的治疗途径.
- 治疗策略包括PAD4抑制剂,ROS途径调节剂和DNase I,旨在恢复平衡,同时保持抗菌防御.
- 进一步了解中性粒细胞异质性和NET相关功能对于开发新的IBD疗法和生物标志物至关重要.
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