在COVID-19,长期COVID和成功恢复中的T细胞动态
Zoia R Korobova1,2, Natalia A Arsentieva1,2, Anastasia A Butenko1
1Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Mira St. 14, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia.
International journal of molecular sciences
|August 14, 2025
概括
COVID-19 破坏T细胞免疫力,导致免疫细胞群体的明显变化. 长期COVID (LC) 显示持续的免疫失调,TREC水平与天真T细胞相关,表明残留的胸膜活性和潜在的自身免疫机制.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
背景情况:
- SARS-CoV-2 感染主要影响呼吸道,可能导致T 细胞平衡的显著破坏.
- 这些T细胞变化可能会导致COVID-19和长期COVID (LC) 中观察到的急性严重性和长期免疫后果.
研究的目的:
- 通过TREC评估在急性COVID-19和LC患者中评估T细胞介导免疫反应和T细胞受体 (TCR) 形成.
- 为了比较不同患者队伍的免疫细胞概况和TREC水平:急性COVID-19,康复者,LC和健康志愿者.
主要方法:
- 从71名急性COVID-19患者,51名康复者,63名LC患者和46名健康志愿者收集了231个血液样本.
- 利用流细胞计分析CD4+和CD8+T细胞亚群,包括天真,中央记忆 (CM),效应器记忆 (EM) 和各种效应器细胞子集.
- 测量T细胞受体切除圈 (TREC) 水平,以评估最近的胸膜移民和T细胞谱系形成.
主要成果:
- 急性COVID-19与天真T辅助细胞 (Th) 和细胞毒性T淋巴细胞 (CTLs) 的减少,Th2 / Tc2极化增加,更多的CM细胞和更少的EM细胞有关.
- 长期的COVID表现出天真CTL的增加,Th2极化,以及特定Tc1,Tc2和EM亚群的减少.
- TREC水平与原始T细胞亚群的正相关性,特别是在LC患者中,表明残留的胸膜活性.
结论:
- 结果表明COVID-19和LC的持续免疫失调,可能是由于持续的抗原暴露或效应细胞迁移.
- 在LC中观察到的Th2/Th17偏差支持了自身免疫机制的假设,可能涉及分子模仿或免疫耐受性丧失.
- 由TREC水平表明的残留胸膜活性,在LC患者的T细胞恢复和免疫平衡中发挥作用.
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