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相关概念视频

Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
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Binary Fission01:20

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Fission is the division of a single entity into two or more parts, which regenerate into separate entities that resemble the original. Organisms in the Archaea and Bacteria domains reproduce using binary fission, in which a parent cell splits into two parts that can each grow to the size of the original parent cell. This asexual method of reproduction produces cells that are all genetically identical.
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Replication in Prokaryotes01:32

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DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell's circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from the two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules.
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A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
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Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...
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Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin...
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相关实验视频

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Determination of S-Phase Duration Using 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine Incorporation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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一个单染色体芽酵母菌株的复制程序.

Jade Pellet1, Laurent Lacroix1, Bertrand Theulot1,2

  • 1Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 46 rue d'Ulm, F-75005 Paris, France.

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概括

发芽的酵母DNA复制是强大的. 尽管基因组折叠和拉布尔形状的损失发生了重大变化,但DNA复制程序基本保持不变,显示出弹性.

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Measuring Replicative Life Span in the Budding Yeast
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科学领域:

  • 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
  • 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
  • 分子生物学分子生物学

背景情况:

  • 核架构和染色体折叠被假定会影响基因组复制.
  • 在酵母中,拉布尔配置在空间上将早期 (中粒体) 和晚期 (端粒体) 复制基因组区域分开.
  • 这种安排表明,中间体-端粒位置会影响DNA复制起源活动.

研究的目的:

  • 研究核结构和染色体折叠对DNA复制的影响.
  • 为了比较野生型Saccharomyces cerevisiae中的DNA复制与为改变基因组折叠 (单染色体) 设计的菌株.
  • 确定废除拉布尔形态对复制时间和原产地活动的影响.

主要方法:

  • 利用基于纳米孔测序的方法进行DNA复制分析.
  • 与野生类型的16染色体Saccharomyces cerevisiae菌株与单染色体工程对应物进行比较.
  • 分析了源活动,复制叉方向和叉速度的变化.

主要成果:

  • 两种菌株的DNA复制程序几乎相同.
  • 观察到的轻微变化包括在被删除的中间体附近的起源无活化和在染色体融合中改变的起源效率/分叉方向.
  • 复制分叉速度不受影响,除了被删除的中心分子附近.

结论:

  • 发芽酵母中的DNA复制程序对染色体折叠的重大变化表现出了显著的弹性.
  • 拉布尔形状的损失并不会大大扰乱整体DNA复制策略.
  • 在复制过程中,由于中间体的接近和染色体的融合,发生了特定的局部变化,但全球程序保持稳定.