务实理解和推断能力:与执行功能和思维理论的相互作用
Ilaria Gabbatore1,2, Dize Hilviu2,3, Ariele Merlini2,3
1Department of Humanities, University of Turin, Turin 10124, Italy.
概括
推断能力,而不是思维理论,是儿童务实的沟通发展的关键. 执行职能和年龄也会对理解真诚,欺骗和刺的言论行为产生重大影响.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 语言学的语言学.
背景情况:
- 人类的认知能力,包括实用能力,思维理论 (ToM) 和执行功能 (EFs),在童年时期经历了显著的发展.
- 了解沟通行为 (真诚,欺骗,刺) 依赖于复杂的认知过程.
- 推断能力,特别是用量化器,在务实能力中发挥着作用.
研究的目的:
- 实证地研究孩子的实用能力,ToM,EF和推断能力之间的关系.
- 确定推断能力在不同年龄组的沟通-实用性表现中的作用.
- 探索实用发展的认知基础,超越ToM.
主要方法:
- 这是一项综合实证分析,涉及104名年龄在3-8岁的儿童.
- 实用任务评估理解真诚,欺骗和刺的沟通行为.
- 评估使用标准化电池的推断能力 (尺度含义) 和 EF (抑制,工作记忆).
主要成果:
- 儿童在所有任务中的表现随着年龄的增长而有所改善,这表明了发展的进展.
- 年龄,智商和EF (抑制,工作记忆) 是务实性表现的重要预测因素.
- 在控制其他因素后,推理能力仍然是关键预测因素,而ToM没有预测实用性表现.
结论:
- 孩子们的实用能力发展受到推断技能和执行功能的影响,而不仅仅是思想理论.
- 推断能力是儿童沟通能力的关键组成部分.
- 实用性发展涉及认知过程的复杂相互作用,突出了推断技能的重要性.
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