量化和解释小说的兴起
Edgar Dubourg1, Valentin Thouzeau1, Quentin Borredon1
1École normale supérieure-PSL, Institut Jean Nicod, Paris, France.
Evolutionary human sciences
|August 14, 2025
概括
人类的叙述显示,在几个世纪的故事,电影和文学中,虚构性 - - 从现实中脱离 - - 显著增加. 使用大型语言模型 (LLM) 测量这种趋势,从古代到现在都是明显的.
科学领域:
- 叙事研究是一种叙事研究.
- 数字人文学科 数字人文学科
- 计算社会科学 计算社会科学
背景情况:
- 人类的叙述在几千年的时间里有了显著的进化.
- 了解故事中虚构元素的轨迹对于文化分析至关重要.
- 之前的研究还没有全面量化各种媒体和文化中的虚构性,跨广的时间尺度.
研究的目的:
- 量化分析人类叙事中虚构的历史趋势.
- 在不同的文化和媒体背景下,衡量主角,事件和场景的虚构性.
- 探讨观察到叙事虚构性增加背后的潜在驱动因素.
主要方法:
- 利用了大规模的数据集,涵盖了从公元前2000年到公元2020年的65,000多件作品 (电影,文学).
- 使用来自大型语言模型 (LLM) 的自动注释来对叙事维度中的虚构性进行评分.
- 通过流派特定的分析和跨媒体的比较,验证了虚构性指标.
主要成果:
- 在所有分析的媒体和文化中观察到叙事虚构的持续,长期增加.
- 虚构性从古老的叙事 (公元前2000年) 稳步上升到20世纪和21世纪的高峰.
- 虚构的显著高峰与社会富裕时期相关,如罗马帝国,唐朝和欧洲文艺复兴时期.
结论:
- 随着时间的推移,人类的讲故事越来越脱离现实.
- 虚构的增加可能与受众偏好的变化有关,受生态和社会变化的影响.
- 这项研究为理解叙事演变及其文化基础提供了定量框架.
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