基于四种选择的细菌病原体,评估非饮用灰色水再利用选择的长期健康风险
1Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
概括
灰色水 (GW) 的再利用可以减少城市的用水需求,但存在风险. 经过处理和消毒的灰色水显著降低了健康风险,低于世界卫生组织 (WHO) 可接受的水平,从而实现了可持续的水资源管理.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 水利工程 水利工程
背景情况:
- 全球水资源短缺需要可持续的水资源管理策略.
- 灰色水 (GW) 的再利用是减少城市用水需求的可行选择.
- 来自GW的病原体暴露对公众健康构成潜在风险.
研究的目的:
- 开发和应用一个定量微生物风险评估 (QMRA) 模型来评估重复使用GW带来的健康风险.
- 评估与八种暴露途径的四种细菌病原体相关的风险.
- 为了比较原始,经过处理和消毒的GW与WHO基准的健康风险.
主要方法:
- 随机定量微生物风险评估 (QMRA) 模型开发.
- 评估每年在GW暴露于四种细菌病原体的健康风险.
- 通过八种不同的暴露途径进行评估.
主要成果:
- 原始GW暴露导致每年的疾病概率为1 × 10-4 PPPY.
- 接受治疗的GW使用将疾病的概率降低到3.9 × 10-5 PPPY.
- 消毒GW使用降低了7.1 × 10-7 PPPY的风险,低于世卫组织1 × 10-6 DALY PPPY的基准.
结论:
- 在适当的管理下,经过处理和消毒的GW重复使用将使健康风险保持在世卫组织可以接受的范围内.
- 该QMRA模型为评估GW重复使用风险提供了一个强大的框架.
- 这些发现支持可持续实施使用经过处理的GW的混合城市水系统.
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