离子的无溶解能量:从精选的参考数据到预测模型
Thomas Nevolianis1, Jonathan W Zheng2, Simon Müller3
1Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52062, Germany.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|August 14, 2025
概括
这项研究引入了新的数据库和图形神经网络模型,用于预测像pKa和solvation自由能量这样的离子特性. 这些准确,易于使用的工具提高了可溶性和脂性计算化学预测.
科学领域:
- 计算化学
- 物理化学
- 化学中的机器学习
背景情况:
- 准确预测物理化学性质 (溶解性,脂性) 对可离子化溶液至关重要.
- 可靠的预测方法需要高质量的基准数据来测定离子的自由能量,目前这种数据有限.
- 由于数据稀缺性和准确性,现有的计算方法面临挑战.
研究的目的:
- 解决离子性质预测数据质量和可用性的局限性.
- 开发准确且廉价的计算模型来预测pKa,气相酸度和离子的溶解自由能量.
- 提供公开可访问的数据库和机器学习模型.
主要方法:
- 使用QM计算编制和策划了pKa (8241点,8种溶剂) 和气相酸度 (5536点) 的数据库.
- 使用热力学循环和COSMO-RS计算的阳离子 (6,090) 和中性结合溶液 (6,088) 的自由能量.
- 训练图形神经网络 (GNN) 模型使用对pKa/气相酸度的反应SMILES和对离子的SMILES来预测溶解能.
主要成果:
- 微观pKa模型在未见数据和SAMPL7挑战中获得了高精度 (0.58-0.59).
- 与实验数据相比,气相酸度模型的平均绝对误差略高于2kcal/mol.
- 阳离子溶解自由能量模型显示平均绝对误差低于3kcal/mol,与基于QM的方法相比.
结论:
- 开发的GNN模型为预测离子性质提供了传统QM方法的快速和准确替代方案.
- 公共数据库和模型显著提高了离子现象研究的数据可用性和质量.
- 这些进步有助于更可靠地预测可离子溶液的基本物理化学性质.
更多相关视频
12:11Computation of Atmospheric Concentrations of Molecular Clusters from ab initio Thermochemistry
Published on: April 8, 2020
8.3K
10:29Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Published on: May 9, 2025
1.5K
相关概念视频
Solvating Effects
7.6K
An understanding of the solvating effect helps rationalize the relation between solvation and acidity of the compound. In addition, this also explains the relative stability of conjugate bases for compounds with different pKa values. This lesson details, in-depth, the principle of solvating effects. The strength of an acid and the stability of its corresponding conjugate base are determined using pKa values. This observed relationship is a consequence of solvation, which is the interaction...
7.6K
Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration
15.0K
Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...
15.0K
Chemical and Solubility Equilibria
4.2K
The free energy change associated with dissolving a solute in a liter of solvent is called the free energy of a solution, ΔGsolution. The overall ΔGsolution is expressed as the balance of ΔGinteraction against the always-favorable free-energy of mixing, ΔGmixing. Solution formation is favorable if ΔGsolution is less than zero, whereas it is unfavorable if ΔGsolution is greater than zero. In short, for a solution to form and complete dissolution to take place,...
4.2K
Solubility of Ionic Compounds
64.0K
Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
64.0K
Electrolytes: van't Hoff Factor
33.6K
Colligative Properties of Electrolytes
The colligative properties of a solution depend only on the number, not on the identity, of solute species dissolved. The concentration terms in the equations for various colligative properties (freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, osmotic pressure) pertain to all solute species present in the solution. Nonelectrolytes dissolve physically without dissociation or any other accompanying process. Each molecule that dissolves yields one...
The colligative properties of a solution depend only on the number, not on the identity, of solute species dissolved. The concentration terms in the equations for various colligative properties (freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, osmotic pressure) pertain to all solute species present in the solution. Nonelectrolytes dissolve physically without dissociation or any other accompanying process. Each molecule that dissolves yields one...
33.6K
Entropy and Solvation
7.2K
The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ...
7.2K
