印度儿童腹的患病率和治疗,2016-2021年
Anoop Jain1, Rockli Kim2,3, S V Subramanian4,5
1Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
JAMA network open
|August 14, 2025
概括
国家口服补水液 (ORS) 用于儿童腹的使用量从2016年到2021年增加,但地理差异仍然存在. 尽管腹发病率上升,但许多地区的ORS治疗减少,这凸显了解决当地因素的必要性.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
背景情况:
- 世界卫生组织 (WHO) 建议口服补水溶液 (ORS) 用于治疗儿童腹.
- 印度对ORS治疗指南的遵守仍然不完整.
- 在印度,儿童腹的ORS治疗存在显著的地理差异.
研究的目的:
- 分析印度各个地区儿童腹ORS治疗的地理差异.
- 从2016年到2021年,将ORS治疗率在各地区之间和地区内进行比较.
- 确定影响ORS使用不足的潜在基于地点的因素.
主要方法:
- 使用2016年和2021年国家家庭健康调查数据进行的重复横截面研究.
- 包括来自716-718个地区的数据,涵盖了2016年的超过246,000名儿童和2021年的223,000名儿童的腹患病率.
- 分析了2016年超过22,000名儿童的ORS治疗数据和2021年超过15,000名儿童的ORS治疗数据,估计了区级患病率和区内不平等.
主要成果:
- 国家ORS治疗流行率从2016年的50.6%增加到2021年的60.7%.
- 观察到ORS治疗患病率在区间和区内存在相当大的差异.
- 185个地区在2016年至2021年期间,ORS治疗流行率下降了超过2.49个百分点,71个地区出现了腹增加和ORS治疗减少.
结论:
- 虽然全国ORS治疗率有所改善,但印度儿童腹管理的地理不平等仍然存在.
- 该研究强调需要解决导致ORS不足使用的局部因素.
- 有针对性的干预措施至关重要,以确保在所有地区平等地获得和利用儿童腹的ORS.
相关概念视频
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents
203
Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...
203
Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS
294
Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a subtype of IBS characterized primarily by frequent, loose, or watery stools, abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort. Therapeutic approaches to managing IBS-D include dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pharmaceutical interventions.
Two specific drugs used in the treatment are alosetron (Lotronex) and eluxadoline (Viberzi). Alosetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, works by slowing the movement of stools in the gut, reducing bowel...
Two specific drugs used in the treatment are alosetron (Lotronex) and eluxadoline (Viberzi). Alosetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, works by slowing the movement of stools in the gut, reducing bowel...
294
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Adsorbents as Antidiarrheal Agents
317
Diarrhea is characterized by the occurrence of frequent, watery bowel movements. Various factors can trigger diarrhea, including viral or bacterial infections, foodborne illnesses, side effects from certain medications, and underlying digestive disorders. If not adequately managed, diarrhea can lead to complications such as dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and nutrient deficiencies. Severe diarrhea can lead to significant weight loss, malnutrition, and weakened immune function.
Adsorbents...
Adsorbents...
317
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy
420
Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
420
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Opioids as Antidiarrheal Agents
326
Diarrhea, a condition marked by frequent loose or watery bowel movements, can be triggered by multiple factors such as viral or bacterial infections, food intolerances, anxiety, medications, and digestive disorders. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and cramping. Severe or prolonged diarrhea can lead to complications like electrolyte imbalances, malnutrition, and dehydration if left untreated.
Opioids, widely used antidiarrheal agents, mitigate diarrhea by slowing down...
Opioids, widely used antidiarrheal agents, mitigate diarrhea by slowing down...
326
Prevalence and Incidence
812
In statistical epidemiology and health sciences, two essential metrics—prevalence and incidence—are fundamental for understanding disease dynamics within a population. These measures enable public health officials, epidemiologists, and researchers to assess the burden of diseases, allocate resources effectively, and design impactful public health policies and interventions.
Prevalence indicates the proportion of individuals in a population who have a specific disease or health...
Prevalence indicates the proportion of individuals in a population who have a specific disease or health...
812


