在不确定性下使用社会信息的发展差异:神经计算方法
Lieke Hofmans1, Wouter van den Bos2
1Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Motivation, Brain and Behaviour Lab, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
Developmental cognitive neuroscience
|August 14, 2025
概括
由于社会学习和不确定性下决策的发展变化,青少年对同龄人的信心的影响比成年人要小. 这会影响他们如何整合个人和社会信息.
科学领域:
- 发育神经科学的发展神经科学.
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 社会学习 社会学习
背景情况:
- 青春期涉及显著的社会重新定位和对同伴影响的高度敏感性.
- 了解青少年如何处理社会信息,尤其是在不确定性下,对于发育研究至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较青少年和成人社会学习的认知和神经过程.
- 调查不确定性如何影响青少年与成年人对社会信息的使用.
主要方法:
- 参与者 (12-18岁的青少年,22-45岁的成年人) 完成了一项感知决策任务.
- 不确定性是通过提供的信息和同行信心水平来操纵的.
- 分析包括无模型方法和贝叶斯计算建模,以及功能性MRI.
主要成果:
- 与成年人相比,青少年对个人确定性和同伴信心的变化敏感度较低.
- 功能性MRI显示,青少年对同伴的信心有较弱的神经反应,但对自己的确定性有较强的初始反应.
- 青少年对自己确定性的强烈反应在整合个人和同龄人的信息时减少.
结论:
- 青少年在不确定性下表现出明显的社会信息处理,可能是由于持续的神经发育影响元认知.
- 对确定性信号的敏感性降低和同龄人的信心影响了青少年如何整合社会和个人信息.
- 调查结果强调了社会学习和决策的年龄相关差异,特别是在不确定性方面.
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