具有内化或外化障碍的年轻人大脑结构的共同和独特变化:来自ENIGMA反社会行为,多动症,多动症和焦虑工作组的发现
Sophie Townend1, Marlene Staginnus1, Yidian Gao2
1Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom.
Biological psychiatry
|August 14, 2025
概括
青少年精神障碍与大脑结构的改变有共同之处,特别是在处理情绪的区域. 外向化障碍显示出独特的前侧-双侧变化,而抑郁症显示没有特定的大脑差异.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
背景情况:
- 内部化和外部化障碍在年轻人中很常见,并且经常被单独研究.
- 这种分离阻碍了共享 (跨诊断) 的大脑结构改变的识别.
- 使用ENIGMA联盟数据进行了一项大规模的超级分析,以解决这一差距.
研究的目的:
- 为了识别青年的共享和独特的皮质和皮质下大脑变化.
- 通过内化障碍 (焦虑,抑郁) 和外化障碍 (ADHD,CD) 来比较大脑结构.
- 调查跨诊断和疾病特异的神经生物学标志物.
主要方法:
- 利用来自大量年轻人 (4-21岁) 的3DT1加权MRI数据.
- 包括患有焦虑障碍,抑郁症,多动症,多动症和健康对照组的参与者.
- 评估区域皮层厚度,表面积和皮层下体积的群体差异,使用线性模型,控制共变量.
主要成果:
- 在内部化和外部化疾病中观察到表面积 (岛屿,脑内皮层,中圈) 和杏仁体体积的跨诊断性减少.
- 在前端-平行线区域中确定了外部化特定的表面积减少.
- 发现ADHD,CD和焦虑障碍的疾病特异性变化,但不是抑郁症.
结论:
- 在青少年精神疾病中存在常见和疾病特异性脑部变化.
- 参与突出归因和情绪处理的区域也参与其中.
- 研究结果支持将共同和独特的生物过程作为未来研究和干预的目标.
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