透露复制基因的功能命运,通过表达概况和结构分析
Alex Warwick Vesztrocy1, Natasha Glover2, Paul D Thomas3
1SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Lausanne, BioSoft Research.
Genome research
|August 14, 2025
概括
基因重复驱动着进化的创新. 最少分歧的正统学家 (LDO) 猜测表明,进化较慢的基因拷贝保留了祖先的功能,而最多分歧的正统学家 (MDO) 可能会专业化.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 分子进化是分子进化的过程.
背景情况:
- 基因重复是功能创新和进化新性的主要驱动力.
- 类似物 (基因副本) 可以丢失或保留修改的功能 (子功能化,新功能化).
- 复杂的骨科关系出现,使得保存的祖先功能的识别变得复杂.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究"最少分离的正义词 (LDO) 猜测",它假定较慢进化的对应词保留了祖先的功能.
- 开发和应用一种新的方法来识别重复后不对称的基因进化.
- 分析PANTHER数据库中所有基因家族的功能分歧.
主要方法:
- 开发了一种新的计算方法,用于检测平行语言之间不对称的进化速率.
- 将这种方法应用于 PANTHER 数据库中的所有基因家族.
- 综合结构数据 (1M+蛋白) 和表达数据 (动物,植物) 来评估功能差异.
主要成果:
- 在基因复制后,在类似物之间发现了进化速率 (分支长度) 的显著差异.
- 这些速率差异与功能差异相关,支持LDO猜测.
- 大多数类比表现出相似的进化速率,但显著的不对称性是有信息的.
结论:
- 最少分歧的正义词 (LDO) 通常保留了祖先的功能.
- 最多方位的正经医生 (MDO) 更有可能获得新的或专业的功能.
- 这一发现为理解基因复制后的功能进化提供了预测框架.
相关概念视频
Gene Families
9.1K
Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
9.1K
Gene Duplication and Divergence
6.3K
The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
6.3K
Duplication of Chromatin Structure
5.8K
The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
5.8K
Ribosome Profiling
3.6K
Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
3.6K
What is Gene Expression?
9.1K
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
9.1K
Reporter Genes
11.9K
Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
11.9K


