全球土地使用变化对土壤含量和环境损失的影响
Jing Wang1, Yves Uwiragiye2,3, Miaomiao Cao2
1Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
Environmental science & technology
|August 15, 2025
概括
土地使用变化显著改变了土壤气供应. 将自然生态系统转换为管理生态系统可以减少矿化,同时增加化,引发人们对损失的担忧.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 土壤科学 土壤科学
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
背景情况:
- 人类活动,特别是土地利用变化,破坏了全球 (N) 循环.
- 净矿化 (NNM) 和净化 (NN) 的土壤供应对作物吸收至关重要,但土地利用变化的全球影响尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 调查全球土地利用变化如何影响土壤供应 (NNM和NN) 和潜在的损失.
- 在不同的土地使用场景下确定调节这些过程的关键因素.
主要方法:
- 编制了一个全球数据集,包括来自 185 个出版物的 1,782 个配对观测.
- 利用结构方程建模来分析土地利用变化,土壤特性和N循环过程之间的关系.
主要成果:
- 土地利用从自然生态系统转化为经营生态系统减少了7.5%的NNM,并增加了150%的NN,这表明N的可用性较低,N的损失潜力更高.
- 逆转这一趋势 (管理到自然) 将NNM增加了20%,并将NN减少了89%,这表明NN可用性增加并降低了损失风险.
- 土壤特性 (有机物质,散装密度,微生物生物质,pH) 和人为活动 (化肥/肥应用) 是关键的调节因素. 影响在热带/亚热带地区最强.
结论:
- 土地利用变化对土壤气动力学产生重大影响,影响了作物的气可用性和气损失的风险.
- 增加土壤有机物质和改善土地利用变化后土壤结构的战略对于优化供应和最大限度地减少环境风险至关重要.
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