逆境和自杀倾向:探索青少年男孩的长度风险和保护因素
Janice Buckley1, Elizabeth Inman2, Given Leshabane1
1Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto, South Africa.
概括
童年的逆境,暴力和抑郁症增加了南非青少年男孩的自杀风险. 社会支持和情绪调节是防止自杀倾向的保护因素.
科学领域:
- 青少年健康 青少年健康
- 心理健康研究 心理健康研究
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 自杀是一个关键的公共卫生问题,是全球青少年死亡的第二大原因.
- 了解易受伤害的青少年群体中自杀行为的特定决定因素对于开发有效的早期干预策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在南非索韦托居住的青少年男孩中,随着时间的推移,确定与自杀行为相关的风险和保护因素.
- 检查各种心理社会和情境因素对这一人口群中的自杀倾向的纵向影响.
主要方法:
- 在2020年至2023年期间进行了一项前性纵向研究.
- 451名15-19岁的青少年男孩,有或没有艾滋病毒,在基线完成了调查和1年的随访.
- 使用后勤回归模型分析了基线因素 (童年逆境,亲密伴侣暴力,心理健康,社会经济地位,心理社会资源) 和随访时的自杀倾向之间的关联.
主要成果:
- 在基线 (17.7%) 和随访 (19.1%) 均观察到自杀倾向的高患病率.
- 艾滋病毒感染青少年 (ALHIV) 显示出更高的基线自杀倾向,但艾滋病毒状况在随访时不是一个显著的预测因素.
- 童年逆境,性暴力,抑郁症和艾滋病毒污名 (在ALHIV中) 是自杀的重要危险因素. 社会支持和情绪调节显示出保护作用.
结论:
- 南非青少年男孩的自杀倾向受到环境因素的复杂相互作用的影响,包括暴力暴露和心理健康状况.
- 积极的自我信念和心理社会资源,如社会支持和情绪调节,可以缓冲这些风险.
- 干预措施应优先考虑暴力预防,创伤缓解和多系统方法,以满足这一群体的多层次需求.
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