用开放式问卷和大型语言模型增强心理评估:一个ASD案例研究
IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics
|August 15, 2025
概括
大型语言模型 (LLM) 可以自动分类自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 评估的开放式问卷. 这种方法为心理健康研究中的心理分析提供了一个可扩展和具有成本效益的方法.
科学领域:
- 自然语言处理自然语言处理.
- 计算精神病学是一种计算精神病学.
- 医疗保健中的机器学习
背景情况:
- 开放式问卷提供丰富的数据,但很难手动分析.
- 自然语言处理 (NLP) 的进步为定性数据的自动分析提供了潜力.
- 在心理学分类中NLP的应用,特别是大语言模型 (LLM),仍然未被充分探索.
研究的目的:
- 提出和评估一种使用预先训练有素的LLM进行开放式问卷答复的自动分类的方法.
- 将这种方法应用于使用家长报告对自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的分类.
- 将不同的LLM培训策略进行比较,并评估其性能和可解释性.
主要方法:
- 利用了51名参与者的转录家长报告 (26名典型发育,25名ASD).
- 对比了各种LLM微调策略,输入表示和特异性级别.
- 通过从12个单个问题中汇总答案来得出主题级预测,并使用投票系统进行最终分类.
- 使用GPT-4o进行了零射击评估,并评估了不同LLM方法的解释性.
主要成果:
- 表现最好的方法实现了84%的对象精度和1.0的ROC-AUC.
- 这种最佳策略涉及到一个OpenAI嵌入模型,每个问题培训,输入中包含问题,以及用于聚合的投票系统.
- 使用GPT-4o的零射击评估产生了可比的结果,证明了紧型和大型LLM的有效性.
- 可解释性各不相同,本地部署的LLM提供了比专有模型更大的透明度.
结论:
- 在心理评估中,LLM提供了一种经过验证,可扩展和具有成本效益的方法,用于自动分类开放式问卷.
- 这种方法对自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 评估具有显著的前景,并且在心理健康研究中分析定性数据方面具有更广泛的适用性.
- 专有LLM的性能与局部部署模型提供的可解释性之间存在一个权衡.
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