优化植物性肉类替代品:大豆蛋白合并方法和冷解加工对微观结构和质量的影响
Weihua Du1, Yongqi Yin1, Xinxin Zhao1
1School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, No. 196 Huayang West Road, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou 225127, China.
Food chemistry
|August 15, 2025
概括
在正常温度下乳化最能改善植物性肉类替代品,因为它增强了质地和保留性. 对纹理的冷解效应取决于最初的蛋白质网络稳定性.
科学领域:
- 食品科学 食品科学 食品科学
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
背景情况:
- 植物性肉类替代品 (PB-MAs) 需要优化蛋白质结构以获得理想的纹理和稳定性.
- 豆蛋白分离物 (SPI) 是一个关键的成分,但其结合方法显著影响PB-MA的质量.
研究的目的:
- 评估不同大豆蛋白分离物 (SPI) 结合方法 (干混合,水化,乳化) 与温度处理 (冷解,正常) 对PB-MA特性的影响.
- 确定最佳的加工条件以提高PB-MA的质量.
主要方法:
- 评估了三种SPI结合方法:干混合 (DB),水化 (HD) 和乳化 (EM).
- 应用冷解 (F) 或正常温度 (N) 处理.
- 评估损失,离心损失,纹理 (弹性),微观结构,蛋白质二次结构 (FTIR) 和水固定 (LF-NMR).
主要成果:
- 在正常温度 (EMN) 上的乳化产生了最佳结果:减少损耗 (3.93%),降低离心器损耗 (0.87%) 和显著增加弹性 (87.04%).
- 电磁网络创造了密集,多孔的网络,具有稳定的SPI-水-油相互作用,增强水/油的保留.
- FTIR显示EMN中的α-螺旋含量较高 (16.49%),表明蛋白质稳定性得到改善;LF-NMR证实了有效的水固定.
结论:
- 乳化是优化SPI-水-油相互作用的优质方法,从而提高PB-MA质量.
- 结解处理对纹理的影响取决于上下文,改进了一些方法,但破坏了其他方法的稳定.
- 结果为开发高质量,可持续的PB-MAs提供了定量数据.
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