在核退役的石墨采集过程中对放射性尘埃的描述和缓解
Fei Zhou1, Xiaotong Chen1, Hao Wang1
1Environmental Technology Division, Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Journal of hazardous materials
|August 15, 2025
概括
在核废弃过程中产生的放射性石墨粉可以控制. 一项研究发现,高流通风和除尘器显著减少了空气中的颗粒,确保了更安全的操作和更好的辐射保护.
科学领域:
- 核工程 核工程是指核工程.
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 辐射保护 辐射保护
背景情况:
- 核停工期间产生石墨粉尘对安全和环境构成风险.
- 对石墨粉尘特性的有限理解妨碍了安全处理和封装.
研究的目的:
- 在石墨采集操作期间调查气溶产生的情况.
- 描述粒子的特性和放射性.
- 评估放射性石墨粉尘的缓解策略.
主要方法:
- 实地规模的实验模拟了石墨块的移除和钻探.
- 使用光学粒子计数器 (OPC) 和扫描移动粒子测量器 (SMPS).
- 收集和分析空中和沉积的尘埃样本,以测量尺寸,形态和放射性.
主要成果:
- 主要是微米大小的颗粒被释放出来,在钻井过程中PM10度超过160μg/m3.
- 一个高流量通风系统 (3300 m3/h) 实现了90%以上的缓解效率.
- 收集到的气溶的放射性水平很低 (α:0.40-0.48 mBq/m3; β:3.37-4.89 mBq/m3).
结论:
- 通过通风和来源提取,可以有效控制放射性石墨粉尘.
- 缓解策略显著减少气溶散射和相关风险.
- 该研究提供了实际数据,以提高核废弃的安全性.
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