自闭症男孩和非自闭症男孩之间的语义处理和执行表现的神经相关的发育差异
Hai-Ti Lin1, Li-Ying Fan2, Chung-Yuan Cheng3
1Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.
Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi
|August 15, 2025
概括
在语义任务期间,左前额前皮层的神经变化与自闭症儿童的执行功能有关. 这些大脑变化在自闭症与非自闭症年轻人中显示出不同的关联.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 以前的研究已经分别检查了自闭症中语义处理和执行功能的神经变化.
- 语义处理和执行功能之间的相互关系对于理解自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究在自闭症和非自闭症男孩的语义判断和执行功能期间的神经活动之间的关系.
- 探索这些神经和认知领域的发育差异.
主要方法:
- 使用fMRI扫描来评估54名自闭症和56名非自闭症男孩在语义判断任务期间的神经激活.
- 认知评估包括剑桥神经心理测试自动化电池 (CANTAB) 和执行功能的行为评级库存.
- 回归分析探讨了神经激活和执行功能措施之间的相关性.
主要成果:
- 在左前额前皮层中发现了年龄组 (儿童,青少年) 和组 (自闭症,非自闭症) 之间的显著相互作用.
- 在自闭症儿童中,该区域的神经活动的改变与执行功能有负相关性.
- 相反,非自闭症儿童和青少年显示这种神经活动和执行功能之间存在正相关性.
结论:
- 在语义处理过程中,左前额前皮层的发育变化与自闭症青少年有关.
- 这些神经变化与自闭症患者与非自闭症患者的执行功能存在差异.
- 这项研究阐明了自闭症人口中语义网络和执行功能之间的相互作用.
相关概念视频
01:19Autism Spectrum Disorder
338
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
338
01:30Information Processing Approach
154
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
154
01:27Language and Cognition
441
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
441
01:30Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
290
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
290
01:30Biological Influences on Intelligence
214
Intelligence is often thought to be linked to brain size, but the relationship is more complex than that. While brain size does correlate modestly with some abilities, like verbal skills, the connection is weaker for others, such as spatial reasoning. Other factors, like brain structure, also play crucial roles. For instance, despite Einstein's smaller-than-average brain, his parietal cortex, which is involved in spatial reasoning, was 15% wider, suggesting that neural density might matter...
214