具有吸引力的可访问性:探索新泽西州初级保健医生属性的差异
1Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
Health & place
|August 17, 2025
概括
这项研究评估了新泽西州初级保健医生 (PCP) 的可访问性,发现社会弱势地区总体上获得更好的医生,但获得高评级医生的机会较低. 具有吸引力的PCP属性因地点和人口需求而有所不同.
科学领域:
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
- 空间分析 空间分析
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 了解初级保健医生 (PCP) 的空间可访问性对于公平的医疗保健服务至关重要.
- 除了一般可用性之外,定义"有吸引力的可访问性"凸显了护理质量和提供者属性的差异.
- 由于人口密度和多样性,新泽西州和周边地区为评估医疗保健准入提供了一个复杂的环境.
研究的目的:
- 将所有PCP的空间可访问性与新泽西州的"有吸引力的可访问性" (董事会认证,高在线评级,多语言) 进行比较.
- 根据运输方式 (汽车,交通,电动自行车) 分析PCP可访问性的变化.
- 调查社会经济因素,特别是社会劣势和PCP可访问性,包括有吸引力的属性之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 采用双步浮动流域 (2SFCA) 方法来计算可访问性指数.
- 从新泽西州的人口普查片中利用了30分钟的旅行时间门.
- 根据运输方式和PCP属性 (董事会认证,在线评级,语言) 的不同可访问性.
主要成果:
- 平均加权可访问性:26.0 PCP/10,000居民乘坐汽车,1.1乘坐公共交通工具和7.9乘坐电动自行车.
- 由于竞争,费城附近的交通便利性比纽约市附近更高.
- 电动自行车可访问性提供了适度的好处,特别是在自行车基础设施有限的地区.
- 社会不利的地区显示出更大的整体PCP可访问性,但高评级PCP的比例较低,但西班牙语PCP的比例更高.
结论:
- 虽然社会弱势地区的整体PCP可用性更高,但他们在获得高评级医生的机会方面存在差异.
- 在这些地区,西班牙语PCP的可用性明显更高,这表明满足了有针对性的需求.
- 交通方式对可访问性有很大的影响,汽车提供了最大的可达性,其次是电动自行车,然后是交通,这在区域范围内有所不同.
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