接种BCG疫苗:历史作用,现代应用,以及结核病及其他疾病的未来前景
Anna Starshinova1,2,3, Igor Kudryavtsev4, Artem Rubinstein4
1Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
Frontiers in pediatrics
|August 18, 2025
概括
在预防儿童严重结核病 (TB) 方面至关重要的巴塞罗斯卡尔梅特 - 格林 (BCG) 疫苗显示出超出结核病范围的更广泛应用的前景. 对BCG疫苗遗传变化的持续研究是理解和提高其疗效的关键.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 结核病 (TB) 是一种致命的空气传播疾病,在结核控制有限的地区不成比例地影响儿童.
- 百菌卡尔梅特 - 格林 (BCG) 疫苗是一种百年历史的免疫,在全球范围内显著降低了患结核病的儿童死亡率.
- 新生儿的高BCG疫苗接种率,正如在俄罗斯联邦所见,与幼儿普遍结核病发病率非常低相关.
研究的目的:
- 审查BCG疫苗的历史发展和全球推广.
- 突出BCG疫苗接种的当前属性和成功实施,特别是在俄罗斯联邦.
- 探索正在进行的关于BCG疫苗遗传变异和潜在的更广泛应用的研究.
主要方法:
- 对BCG疫苗开发和实施的历史数据的审查.
- 俄罗斯联邦疫苗接种实践和结核病发病率的分析.
- 审查关于BCG疫苗遗传变化和免疫反应的当前研究.
主要成果:
- 该BCG疫苗有一个长达一个世纪的历史,减少了由结核病引起的儿童死亡率.
- 在俄罗斯成功实施,90%的新生儿接种了疫苗,导致一般儿童结核病的病例最小.
- 接种BCG疫苗可以预防严重的结核病症状,但不能预防初始感染;它还可以对HIV和呼吸道病毒等粘膜感染提供一定程度的保护.
结论:
- 对于预防儿童严重结核病,BCG疫苗接种仍然至关重要,尤其是在高负担地区.
- 在BCG菌株的遗传变异可能会影响疫苗的疗效,需要查.
- 需要进行进一步的研究,以探索BCG的安全性和有效性,用于超出结核病预防范围的应用,特别是针对艾滋病毒感染儿童等弱势群体.
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