移民健康中的人工智能:对机遇和风险的批判性视角
Stephen A Matlin1, Iona M M Claron2, Jessica Merone3
1Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, UK.
The Lancet regional health. Europe
|August 18, 2025
概括
人工智能 (AI) 为移民提供了显著的健康益处,在诊断和个性化治疗等领域提供帮助. 然而,人工智能也带来了数据隐私侵犯和算法偏见等风险,需要仔细考虑和监管.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 人工智能 (AI) 的快速发展正在推动许多健康应用的发展.
- 人工智能对移民人口来说是一把双刃剑,它提供了潜在的好处,同时也带来了重大风险.
- 移民,包括难民和寻求庇护者,在获得医疗保健服务方面面临着独特的挑战.
研究的目的:
- 批判性地评估人工智能在移民健康中的机遇和风险.
- 综合现有的关于人工智能对移民福祉潜在影响的文献.
- 为在移民医疗保健中实施人工智能的政策和伦理准则提供信息.
主要方法:
- 文学综合和对当前关于医疗保健人工智能研究的批判性审查.
- 对移民群体相关的AI应用的分析.
- 检查AI算法中的伦理考虑和潜在偏见.
主要成果:
- 人工智能通过改善信息获取,翻译,教育,疾病预防,诊断和个性化治疗来提高移民健康的潜力.
- 显著的风险包括监控的可能性,匿名性和自由的侵蚀,以及算法偏见的延续或放大.
- 人工智能缺陷,如数据不准确和强化歧视性做法,对不同移民群体构成进一步的挑战.
结论:
- 人工智能可以显著有益于移民健康,但需要谨慎管理以减轻风险.
- 解决算法偏见和确保数据隐私对于在移民健康中道德地部署人工智能至关重要.
- 欧洲处于有利地位,可以领导制定强有力的指导方针和政策,用于移民医疗保健中的人工智能,保护健康结果和人权.
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