巴西的痴呆症预防潜力:为14个可修改的风险因素计算人口归因分数
Claudia K Suemoto1, Wyllians V Borelli2, Ismael L Calandri3
1Division of Geriatrics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Lancet regional health. Americas
|August 18, 2025
概括
巴西近60%的痴呆病例是通过解决14个可修改的风险因素,可能可以预防的. 实施公共卫生战略可以显著降低巴西痴呆症负担.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
背景情况:
- 柳叶刀委员会 (2024) 确定了14个可修改的痴呆风险因素.
- 低收入和中等收入国家 (LMICs) 由于风险因素流行率较高,因此对痴呆症预防有更大的机会.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定巴西的痴呆症预防潜力,归因于14个可修改的风险因素.
- 为巴西提供第一个LMIC特定的数字,用于巴西痴呆症预防潜力.
主要方法:
- 来自巴西老龄化纵向研究 (ELSI-巴西,2019-2021) 的9949名参与者 (50岁以上) 的数据分析.
- 估计可修改风险因子流行率和计算人口可归因分数 (PAFs),使用2024年兰塞特委员会报告中的相对风险.
- 按性别,种族和地区进行分层分析,以确定痴呆风险的差异.
主要成果:
- 对于14个可修改的风险因素的总体PAF为59.5%.
- 主要因素包括教育程度低 (9.5%),未经治疗的视力丧失 (9.2%) 和中年抑郁 (6.3%).
- 总体PAF在女性 (61.1%) 比男性 (58.2%) 更高,并且在种族和地区之间差异很小.
结论:
- 解决14个可修改的风险因素可以预防巴西大约60%的痴呆病例.
- 有针对性的公共卫生干预对于降低巴西痴呆症负担至关重要.
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