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相关概念视频

Classification of Connective Tissues01:30

Classification of Connective Tissues

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The connective tissues have different properties and functions in the human body. They are broadly categorized into proper, supporting, or fluid connective tissues.
Connective Tissue Proper
Connective tissue proper is the most abundant class of connective tissues. As its name implies, it predominantly connects different tissues in the body. Depending on the cell types, ground substance, viscosity, and fiber types in the ECM, connective tissue proper is further categorized into loose and dense....
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Structural Classification of Joints01:20

Structural Classification of Joints

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Joints, also known as articulations, are classified based on their structural characteristics, i.e., based on whether the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones are directly connected by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage, or whether the articulating surfaces contact each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity. These differences serve to divide the joints of the body into three structural classifications.
A fibrous joint is where the adjacent bones are united by fibrous connective...
4.1K
Classification of Bones01:18

Classification of Bones

7.1K
The bones of the human skeletal system are of varied shapes, sizes, and functions. They can be classified based on their shape and function into four major classes: long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Some classifications include a fifth type, the sesamoid bones, as a separate class, whereas others categorize them under short bones.
Long and Short Bones
The appendicular skeleton, particularly the upper and lower limbs, is primarily made of long and short bones. The...
7.1K
Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

4.6K
Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
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Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers01:48

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers

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Skeletal muscles continuously produce ATP to provide the energy that enables muscle contractions. Skeletal muscle fibers can be categorized into three types based on differences in their contraction speed and how they produce ATP, as well as physical differences related to these factors. Most human muscles contain all three muscle fiber types, albeit in varying proportions.
Slow-Twitch Muscle Fibers
Slow oxidative, muscle fibers appear red due to large numbers of capillaries and high levels of...
56.8K
The Thoracic Cage: Ribs01:20

The Thoracic Cage: Ribs

4.4K
Ribs are curved, flattened bones forming the thoracic cavity wall with the thoracic muscles. There are 12 pairs of thoracic ribs. The posterior ends of all the ribs articulate with the T1–T12 thoracic vertebrae. In contrast,the anterior ends of most ribs attach to the sternum via their costal cartilages.
Parts of a Typical Rib
A typical rib has a head, neck, and body. The posterior end of the rib is called the head, followed by a narrow neck. The head articulates primarily with the costal...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Laminectomy for the Removal of Thoracic Ossification of the Ligamentum Flavum TOLF Using Ultrasonic and Conventional Osteotomes
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一个基于TACAF的分类系统,用于胸部后沿线带骨化.

Shunmin Wang1,2, Yangzi Yang1, Tiefeng Li1

  • 1Ethics Committee of Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China.

European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie
|August 18, 2025
PubMed
概括

后纵带带胸部骨化 (OPLL) 的新分类系统可靠地指导手术方法的选择. 该系统证明了临床有效性,并改善了患者的治疗结果.

关键词:
分类手术是分类手术.胸部 OPLLL 的情况.胸部骨髓病变是一种胸部骨髓病变.

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Use of Micro X-ray Computed Tomography with Phosphotungstic Acid Preparation to Visualize Human Fibromuscular Tissue
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Last Updated: Sep 11, 2025

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Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device
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科学领域:

  • 神经外科 神经外科
  • 脊柱外科手术 脊柱外科手术
  • 整形外科 整形外科 整形外科

背景情况:

  • 胸脊背后纵向带 (OPLL) 的骨化带来了诊断和手术方面的挑战.
  • 目前的分类系统缺乏指导手术干预的标准化.

研究的目的:

  • 评估胸部OPLL新型分类系统的可靠性和临床适用性.
  • 评估其在指导外科手术方法选择前部可控前位移融合 (TACAF) 的实用性.

主要方法:

  • 基于OPLL严重程度 (1-4级),位置 (A-B区) 和弧形形态的新型分类系统被开发出来.
  • 系统可靠性由20名外科医生评估,使用Fleiss kappa系数对观察者之间的和观察者内部的协议来评估50例病例.
  • 临床验证涉及分析50名患者的人口统计和术后数据,包括神经功能 (JOA尺度),手术时间,失血和并发症.

主要成果:

  • 对于3/4级或A区OPLL,先前的方法是首选的;2级或B区病变允许选择性骨化切除.
  • 对于4级OPLL,拉米切除术是禁忌的,并且在弧顶附近的病变需要前部方法.
  • 根据分类系统管理的患者在所有等级/区域都显示出优秀且统一的日本整形医学协会 (JOA) 评分改善.

结论:

  • 新型胸部OPLL分类系统为手术决策提供了可靠和可重复的标准化.
  • 临床结果和并发症分析支持其在选择适合胸部OPLL减压方法时的有效性.