门德尔的随机化确定了基因预测的卡路里饮食偏好作为癌症的因果风险因素
Kaiyuan Zhang1,2, Jiaheng Lou1,2, Jianbo Huang1,2,3
1School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
Discover oncology
|August 18, 2025
概括
基因预测的高热量食物偏好增加了几种癌症的风险,包括非霍奇金淋巴瘤和肺癌. 相反,低热量饮食可能会防止前列腺癌的发展.
科学领域:
- 营养流行病学 营养流行病学
- 遗传流行病学遗传流行病学
- 癌症研究 癌症研究
背景情况:
- 热量偏好,一个人选择高热量食物的倾向,与癌症发展有不确定的因果关系.
- 了解这种关系对于公共卫生和个性化癌症预防策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 利用孟德尔随机化研究饮食卡路里偏好对18种癌症发病风险的因果关系.
- 在热量偏好中识别可能影响癌症风险的特定食物类型.
主要方法:
- 利用大规模的全基因组关联研究 (GWAS) 数据库来确定饮食卡路里偏好 (食物喜好).
- 使用两个样本的门德尔随机化 (MR) 分析来评估与18种癌症类型的因果关系.
- 应用逆方差权衡 (IVW) 作为主要方法,通过埃格尔回归,MR-PRESSO和加权中位数方法验证.
主要成果:
- 对高热量饮食的基因预测偏好与非霍奇金淋巴瘤 (NHL),非小细胞肺癌 (NSCLC),肝细胞癌 (HCC) 和胃癌 (GC) 的风险增加有关.
- 特定的高热量食物偏好,如喜欢奶酪,与更高的HCC风险有关,喜欢油炸食物增加了NSCLC风险.
- 对低热量饮食的偏好显示出与前列腺癌 (PCa) 风险降低的因果关系.
结论:
- 基因预测高热量食物的喜好是NHL,NSCLC,HCC和GC的潜在风险因素.
- 偏好低热量饮食可能会对前列腺癌产生保护作用.
- 这些发现强调了饮食成分在癌症病因和预防方面的重要性.
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