在软骨鱼的进化过程中,对短波敏感的素的适应性损失
Bo Zhang1,2, Yidong Feng1, Meiqi Lv3
1International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
Nature communications
|August 18, 2025
概括
鱼和其他软骨鱼可能已经失去了看蓝光的能力,以保护他们的眼睛免受损伤. 这种基因损失,与眼睛的光表皮相关,可能会提高它们的生存率.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 视觉科学 视觉科学 视觉科学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
背景情况:
- 软骨鱼类,包括鱼和滑板鱼,具有有限的色彩视觉,可能是由于短波敏感 (sws) opsin 基因的缺失.
- 在这些物种中失去sws基因背后的进化驱动因素在很大程度上是未知的.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究软骨鱼类中SWS基因丢失的进化机制.
- 了解这些物种中猪损失对视力和眼睛健康的功能影响.
主要方法:
- 整个基因组组合的Okamejei kenojei (滑板) 和普里奥纳斯格劳卡 (蓝).
- 对素基因分布和软骨鱼类内变异的分析.
- 使用带有sws删除的斑马鱼模型来评估短波长光对光感受器的影响.
主要成果:
- 该研究确定并分析了滑板和蓝的新组装基因组中的素基因特征.
- 一种斑马鱼模型表明,短波长光 (蓝色和紫色) 可以诱导细胞衰老和光受体层稀薄.
- 失去sws基因似乎可以保护眼睛免受短波长光线造成的损伤.
结论:
- 软骨鱼类中sws基因的丧失可能是一种适应性特征,以防止短波长光损伤.
- 在许多软骨鱼的视网膜中,反射光线的光 (tapetum lucidum) 的存在可能与SWS基因损失相互依赖.
- 这种适应性基因损失可能赋予了生存优势,提高了软骨鱼类在自然环境中的适应性.
相关概念视频
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways
6.5K
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
6.5K
Gene Duplication and Divergence
6.3K
The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
6.3K
Unrenewable Cells
2.4K
In humans, the photoreceptor cells of the eye and sensory hair cells of the ear lack stem cells. These cells are thus unrenewable and cannot be replaced when they are damaged or destroyed.
Photoreceptors
The retina is composed of several layers and contains specialized cells called photoreceptors. The photoreceptors (rods and cones) change their membrane potential when stimulated by light energy. There are two types of photoreceptors—rods and cones—which differ in the shape of...
Photoreceptors
The retina is composed of several layers and contains specialized cells called photoreceptors. The photoreceptors (rods and cones) change their membrane potential when stimulated by light energy. There are two types of photoreceptors—rods and cones—which differ in the shape of...
2.4K
Channel Rhodopsins
2.6K
Most organisms use photoreceptors to sense and respond to light. Examples of photoreceptors include bacteriorhodopsins and bacteriophytochromes in some bacteria, phytochromes in plants, and rhodopsins in the photoreceptor cells of the vertebral retina. The light-sensitive property of these receptors is because of the bound chromophores, such as bilin in the phytochromes and retinal in the rhodopsins.
Rhodopsins belong to the family of cell surface proteins called G-protein coupled receptors,...
Rhodopsins belong to the family of cell surface proteins called G-protein coupled receptors,...
2.6K
Osmoregulation in Fishes
50.4K
When cells are placed in a hypotonic (low-salt) fluid, they can swell and burst. Meanwhile, cells in a hypertonic solution—with a higher salt concentration—can shrivel and die. How do fish cells avoid these gruesome fates in hypotonic freshwater or hypertonic seawater environments?
50.4K
Anatomy of the Eyeball
7.6K
The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
7.6K


