亚马逊和安第斯树木社区没有跟踪当前气候变暖
William Farfan-Rios1,2, Kenneth J Feeley3, Jonathan A Myers4
1Andrew Sabin Center for Environment and Sustainability and Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109.
概括
热带森林很慢地适应气候变化. 大多数树种无法足够快地改变范围,从而威胁到这些重要生态系统中的生物多样性.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 气候变化生物学 气候变化生物学
- 热带森林生态 热带森林生态
背景情况:
- 气候变化正在导致物种分布的全球变化,并改变生态社区.
- 热带森林,特别是它们对跨越大环境梯度而对气候变化的反应,研究不足.
研究的目的:
- 评估40多年来沿亚马逊至安第斯山脉的海拔梯度沿着热带森林的物种组成在社区层面的变化.
- 为了测试热化假设 (增加适应温暖的物种的丰富性) 作为对气候变化的反应.
- 确定构成变化的驱动因素,包括树木死亡率,招募和生长.
主要方法:
- 利用从亚马逊到安第斯山脉 (秘鲁和玻利维亚) 的海拔梯度上超过66000棵树的长期监测数据,跨越2500种.
- 分析了40多年来社区组成的变化.
- 量化了热融化率 (TR),并研究了死亡率,招募和生长的作用.
主要成果:
- 与区域温度上升相比,热化率 (TR) 一般较慢.
- 在安第斯森林中,TR的变化比亚马逊森林更为多,在中高处达到峰值.
- 构成变化主要是由冷适应物种的死亡率增加和生长减少驱动的,而不是温暖适应物种的涌入.
结论:
- 大多数热带树种,特别是来自亚马逊盆地的热带树种,在改变其范围以应对气候变化方面面临重大挑战.
- 构成变化的缓慢速度和高树木死亡率表明热带森林可能无法足够快地适应变暖.
- 这些变化有可能从根本上改变地球上最多样化的森林的组成和生态功能.
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