脆弱老年患者的肋骨骨折:手术稳定改善了结果吗?
Bardiya Zangbar1, Riddhi Mehta, Kartik Prabhakaran
1From the Department of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York.
背景:
伴有多个肋骨骨折的衰弱老年患者面临较高的发病率。尽管肋骨骨折手术固定(SSRF)在成人患者中已显示出改善的疗效,但其在衰弱患者中的有效性尚不明确。本研究旨在比较衰弱老年患者中SSRF与非手术治疗的住院结局,假设SSRF与较低的并发症发生率和死亡率相关。
方法:
一项针对创伤质量改进项目数据库为期6年(2017–2022年)的回顾性分析。采用包含11个因素的改良衰弱指数(mFI)定义衰弱状态,阈值为≥0.25。纳入年龄≥65岁、存在孤立性钝性胸部创伤且肋骨骨折≥2根的衰弱患者。采用1:1倾向评分匹配法,对人口学特征、损伤严重程度及基线特征进行校正。主要结局指标包括死亡率、呼吸机相关性肺炎、急性呼吸窘迫综合征、非计划性插管、重症监护病房(ICU)再入院率及气管切开术。次要结局指标包括住院期间并发症、住院时间(LOS)及出院去向。在倾向评分匹配后的亚组分析中,比较早期胸壁稳定重建术(SSRF)(≤72小时)与晚期SSRF(>72小时)的结果。
结果:
在53,630名虚弱的肋骨骨折患者中,2%接受了肋骨骨折手术固定术(SSRF)。在倾向评分匹配后(每组1,063例),SSRF与较低的死亡率相关(5.4% vs. 10.2%,p < 0.001),但在呼吸机相关性肺炎、急性呼吸窘迫综合征或气管切开术方面无显著差异。接受肋骨骨折手术固定的患者重症监护室(ICU)再入院率更高,且住院时间和ICU住院时间更长(所有p < 0.05)。在亚组分析(n = 916)中,晚期SSRF与更高的非计划性插管率(10.7% vs. 6.8%)、ICU再入院率(15.5% vs. 7.6%)、气管切开术比例(7.0% vs. 3.5%),以及更长的住院时间(13天 vs. 10天)、ICU住院时间(8天 vs. 6天)和机械通气时间(7天 vs. 4天)相关(所有p < 0.001)。
结论:
肋骨骨折的手术固定与非手术治疗相比,在未增加主要并发症的情况下,可降低老年虚弱患者多发性肋骨骨折的死亡率。对虚弱患者而言,伤后72小时内早期实施肋骨骨折手术固定术(SSRF)与降低非计划性插管、ICU再入院、气管切开、住院时长(LOS)及机械通气需求相关。
证据等级:
治疗/护理管理;III 级回顾性研究。
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