晚期启动肺炎球菌和海莫菲勒斯流感b型疫苗接种
Alexandria N Albers1, Erika R Fox1, Sarah Y Michels2
1Center for Population Health Research, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, USA.
Vaccine
|August 19, 2025
概括
很少有百分比的美国儿童开始 pneumococcal (PCV) 或 Haemophilus influenzae b型 (Hib) 疫苗迟到了,但大多数人按计划完成了他们的系列. 许多晚期开始的人没有接种其他常规疫苗,这凸显了需要更好地获得初级保健的必要性.
科学领域:
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
- 免疫接种 免疫接种
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 疾病控制和预防中心 (CDC) 为那些迟到开始接种疫苗的儿童提供了追赶时间表.
- 通常,常规和追赶计划建议使用相同数量的剂量.
- 然而,如果孩子晚些时候开始接种肺炎球菌 (PCV) 或海莫菲勒斯流感b型 (Hib) 疫苗,可能需要更少的剂量.
研究的目的:
- 量化PCV和Hib疫苗系列晚期启动的患病率.
- 为了确定这些迟到的发起者的特点.
- 根据疾病预防控制中心的追赶指南,为迟到的发起者确定系列完成率.
主要方法:
- 横截面研究分析了2016-2021年国家免疫调查-儿童的疫苗记录.
- 在7个月 (215天) 或之后开始PCV或Hib的儿童的量化患病率和确定的特征.
- 根据开始年龄和随后的剂量时间,评估系列的完成.
主要成果:
- 2.5%的美国儿童开始PCV,2.3%开始Hib晚期 (≥7个月).
- 晚期开始的中位数年龄为384天 (PCV) 和407天 (Hib).
- 77.4%的晚期PCV发起者和87.5%的晚期Hib发起者完成了各自的4剂量系列.
结论:
- 值得注意的是,美国儿童的一个显著的子组迟迟开始PCV或Hib疫苗接种.
- 大多数晚期发起者在6周到7个月之间没有接种其他推疫苗.
- 需要基于证据的干预措施来改善早期初级保健的准入,以便及时接种疫苗.
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