身体活动类型对学龄儿童执行功能的长期影响
Ye Tao1, Yunong Zhang1, Haonan Qian2
1Department Physical Education, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
Scientific reports
|August 19, 2025
概括
结构化的体力活动,特别是协调练习,显著增强学龄儿童的执行功能. 运动技能的改善与认知发展相关,年龄和性别影响特定的结果.
科学领域:
- 儿童发展 儿童发展
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
背景情况:
- 执行职能对于学业成功和日常生活至关重要.
- 身体活动越来越多地被认为是对儿童的认知益处.
- 了解不同类型的练习对执行职能的具体影响至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较有氧运动,协调和团队运动干预措施对7-12岁儿童执行功能的影响.
- 调查年龄和性别特异性对这些体育活动干预措施的反应.
- 探索运动能力发展与执行功能增强之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 一项为期36周的随机对照试验,涉及426名儿童.
- 四组:有氧运动,协调运动,团队运动和对照组.
- 使用CANTAB对执行功能 (工作记忆,认知灵活性,抑制控制) 和通过标准化测试对运动能力的评估.
主要成果:
- 协调炼对执行功能改善产生了最大的效果大小 (d=0.89),其次是有氧运动 (d=0.76) 和团队运动 (d=0.72).
- 在运动能力和执行功能发展之间发现了强烈的相关性 (r=0.58-0.72).
- 女性在协调任务中表现出更大的收益,男性在有氧性能中表现出更大的收益;年轻的孩子改善了认知灵活性,年长的孩子改善了工作记忆.
结论:
- 结构化的体育活动干预措施,特别是那些专注于协调的干预措施,显著提高了学龄儿童的执行功能.
- 运动能力和认知发展之间的相互作用受到年龄和性别的影响.
- 为优化认知发展,建议针对教育环境量身定制的体育活动计划.
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