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2型呼吸道综合征病毒的疫苗驱动演变的实验证据

Nakarin Pamornchainavakul¹, Igor A D Paploski¹, Dennis N Makau^1,2

¹Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1365 Gortner Ave, Falcon Heights, MN, 55108, United States.

Virus evolution

|August 20, 2025

概括

猪生殖和呼吸系统综合征病毒2型 (PRRSV-2) 的修改活病毒 (MLV) 疫苗驱动病毒演变,增加遗传差异. 持续的PRRSV-2监测和适应策略对于有效控制至关重要.

科学领域:

兽医病毒学
进化生物学
动物健康

背景情况:

猪生殖和呼吸系统综合征病毒2型 (PRRSV-2) 尽管广泛接种疫苗,但仍在不断发展.
有限的直接证据表明疫苗对PRRSV-2的进化压力.
了解疫苗接种过程中的病毒演变是控制PRRSV-2疫情的关键.

研究的目的:

研究改性活病毒 (MLV) 疫苗对PRRSV-2的进化影响.
用不同MLV疫苗接种的猪与未接种疫苗的对照猪的PRRSV-2演变进行比较.
确定疫苗接种后的PRRSV-2的遗传变化和选择压力.

主要方法:

在接种两种不同MLV疫苗或未接种疫苗的猪中建立了连续的感染链.
使用110个血清样本的深度测序,对PRRSV-2的演变进行了大约84天的跟踪.
分析了基因分歧,准物种组成和选择压力.

主要成果:

与对照组 (0. 15%) 相比,接种疫苗的群体的遗传差异超过两倍.
病毒变异性集中在ORF1a和ORF1b,在接种疫苗的猪中变异速度更快.
接种疫苗的猪病毒载量较低 (周期值较高),这表明对分离病毒的适应性有所限制.

结论:

疫苗接种对PRRSV-2产生了显著的进化压力,促进了基因多样化.
这些发现强调需要持续的PRRSV-2监测和适应性控制策略.
疫苗诱导的进化突显了PRRSV-2的动态性质以及疫苗疗效监测的重要性.

关键词:

在体内的序列通道长读数测序纵向病毒组分析准物种动态宿主内部的演变

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