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详细的瘤亚型和可操作的生物标志物的综合体病学建模
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|August 20, 2025
概括
机器学习模型Mosaic使用全幻灯片图像和基因组数据准确分类详细的癌症亚型. 这种方法通过改善瘤诊断和分子表征来提高精确瘤学,以获得更好的患者结果.
科学领域:
- 计算病理学计算病理学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 精确瘤学是一门精确的专业.
背景情况:
- 精确的癌症亚型和分子表征对于精确的瘤学至关重要.
- 之前的机器学习研究受到小样本大小和粗癌亚型分组的限制.
- 这种聚合掩盖了详细的瘤亚型中的信息分子,预后和表型变异.
研究的目的:
- 开发一种机器学习框架,使用病原体学和基因组学将瘤分为163个详细的亚型.
- 直接从H&E染色的整片图像中推断分子表型和基因组目标.
- 为了提高癌症诊断和风险分层,利用学会的组织病理学表示.
主要方法:
- 从71,142名患者中收集了378,123张H&E整片图像 (WSI) 与匹配的DNA测序和OncoTree亚型.
- 开发了使用WSI嵌入的Mosaic,一套校准的机器学习模型 (Aeon用于子类型,Paladin用于基因组推理).
- 使用癌症亚型知识图用于模型培训和验证.
主要成果:
- 亚型分类模块 (Aeon) 实现了总体AUROC为0.992,其中161/163个亚型达到AUROC≥0.90,优于基因组学基础分类器.
- 基因组推断模块 (Paladin) 在167个亚型-基因组目标对中实现了AUROC≥0.80.
- 学习表现确定了与临床生物标志物,未经监督的瘤子集群的关联,并有助于诊断未知的原发性癌症.
结论:
- 马赛克在大型数据集上使用多模式机器学习来推进癌症亚型和分子表征.
- 该框架提高了诊断准确性,有助于变体解释,并识别了表型模仿.
- 这项工作对精确瘤学,风险分层和理解瘤异质性有重大影响.
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相关概念视频
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Mouse Models of Cancer Study
Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...