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"可校准的现实":沃尔特·莫德的双手测试器,劳动效率,以及玛共和国的心理技术"客观性"
Agnes Bauer1,2
1Leibniz Centre for Contemporary History, Am Neuen Markt 1, 14467, Potsdam, Germany. agnes.bauer@zzf-potsdam.de.
NTM
|August 20, 2025
概括
工业心理学家使用机械设备进行劳动效率研究. 然而,这项研究揭示了工人分类,尽管主张客观性,但涉及主观审查者判断.
科学领域:
- 心理学史
- 工业组织心理学
- 科学社会学
背景情况:
- 20世纪初出现了"心理技术",一个专注于将心理原理应用于工业环境的领域.
- 沃尔特·莫德开创了机械设备的使用,比如双手测试仪 ("Zweihandprüfer"),以测量人类劳动效率.
- 这种方法旨在客观地评估工人提高生产力和就业能力.
研究的目的:
- 批判性地研究心理技术方法在工业工人的分类中所谓的客观性.
- 调查主观解释和价值判断在所谓的定量能力测试中的作用.
- 通过"客观"的心理评估来分析合理化工作分配的历史要求.
主要方法:
- 历史精神技术期刊和教科书的分析.
- 使用类似于Moede的"Zweihandprüfer"的双手测试仪复制实验.
- 工业心理学家如何解释和分类测试结果的定性评估.
主要成果:
- 虽然心理技术评估是客观的,但它允许考试人员做出重要的定性价值判断.
- 工业心理学家解释和分类能力测试结果,影响个人被归类为"天才"或"失败者".
- 据称客观的测试数据转化为工人适应性需要相当大的解释余地.
结论:
- 20世纪20年代工业心理学家对工人的"客观"分类受到主观审查者偏见的影响.
- 心理技术人员利用科学权威来合法化他们在劳动力分配中的作用.
- 这项研究强调了所谓科学方法评估人类劳动效率的内在主观性.
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