评估护士在初级保健中使用低价值护理
Sara B Nugent1, Roberta P Lavin, Jongwon Lee
1University of New Mexico College of Nursing, 1650 University Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87102.
The American journal of managed care
|August 20, 2025
概括
护士在初级保健中使用低价值护理 (LVC),包括腰部X射线和急性上呼吸道感染的抗生素,与其他临床医生相似. 患者的年龄,而不是实践地点或性别,影响了LVC的使用.
科学领域:
- 主要护理研究
- 医疗服务研究
- 改善临床质量
背景情况:
- 低价值护理 (LVC) 在初级保健中是一个重大挑战,导致医疗保健成本增加和潜在的患者伤害.
- 了解不同类型的提供者,如执业护士 (NPs) 中的LVC的流行率和驱动因素对于有针对性的干预至关重要.
- 选择明智的倡议为识别和减少LVC服务提供了一个框架.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定NP的基线流行率,使用三个常见的初级保健LVC服务:腰部X射线,急性上呼吸道感染 (aURI) 的抗生素和常规心电图 (ECG).
- 调查实践地点 (农村-城市) 和患者人口统计 (年龄,性别) 对NPLVC使用的影响.
- 将NP LVC的患病率与一般临床医生报告的患病率进行比较.
主要方法:
- 通过使用2021年Merative MarketScan商业和医疗保险数据库中的14,579名成年受益人的索赔数据进行了横断的二次数据分析.
- 用ICD-10和CPT代码分析了与NP护理相关的门诊病情,以确定使用腰部X射线,aURI的抗生素和常规心电图.
- 使用统计方法检查了NP LVC使用与护理状态,农村与城市实践位置以及受益者的性别和年龄之间的关联.
主要成果:
- 低值腰部X射线 (13%),aURI抗生素 (42%) 和心电图 (6%) 的NP使用率较低或与现有文献相比较.
- 年龄较高的受益者与使用低值心电图的增加有显著的关联 (P < .001),但在检查45岁及以上的成年人时,这种关联减少了.
- 在NPLVC使用与实践地点 (农村-城市) 或受益者性别之间没有发现统计学意义上的关系.
结论:
- 常见的初级保健LVC服务的NP利用率与更广泛的临床医生人口相似或低于此.
- 市场扫描数据库可能不足以代表农村医疗服务,这表明需要使用替代数据源重新评估农村和城市环境之间的关系.
- 建议进一步研究NP特征,以制定有效的策略,在NP实践中实现LVC.
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