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热应激和脱水对耐力运动期间碳水化合物使用的影响:系统性审查和元分析
Loïs Mougin1, Heather Z Macrae1, Lee Taylor1,2,3
1School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
|August 20, 2025
概括
热应激和脱水会增加耐力运动期间的碳水化合物利用率. 脱水 脱水 脱水 脱水 脱水
科学领域:
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 环境生理学环境生理学
- 营养生物化学 营养生物化学
背景情况:
- 热应激和脱水独立地影响长期耐力运动期间的碳水化合物代谢.
- 热量和脱水对糖原利用和碳水化合物氧化的综合影响尚不清楚.
- 没有先前的系统审查或元分析全面评估了这些综合效应.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和元分析热应激 (热与温和条件) 和脱水 (脱水与水合状态) 对呼吸交换率,碳水化合物氧化和糖原使用的影响.
- 综合现有证据,了解环境温度和水分状态如何影响耐力活动期间的燃料利用情况.
- 提供热量和脱水对碳水化合物代谢关键标志物影响的定量评估.
主要方法:
- 进行了符合PRISMA的系统审查和元分析.
- 在PubMed/MEDLINE和SportDiscus数据库的文献中搜索到2024年11月的相关研究.
- 纳入标准:健康,活跃的成年人;长时间运动 (≥15分钟);评估呼吸交换率,碳水化合物氧化或糖原使用;热/温和条件和/或脱水/水合状态之间的比较.
主要成果:
- 分析了51项涉及502名参与者的研究.
- 与温带条件相比,炎热条件显著增加了碳水化合物氧化 (SMD 0.29,P=0.006) 和糖原使用 (SMD 0.78,P=0.006).
- 与水化相比,脱水显著增加了碳水化合物氧化 (SMD 0.31,P=0.002) 和糖原使用 (SMD 0.62,P=0.003). 这种效应在炎热的条件下更加明显.
结论:
- 在炎热的环境中长时间耐力运动时,碳水化合物利用率会升高.
- 脱水似乎增加了碳水化合物的使用,特别是当与热应激相结合时.
- 虽然脱水可能有助于增加碳水化合物利用率,但温度调节反应可能是主要的驱动因素,脱水起着重要的调节作用.
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