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人工智能和初级保健:范围审查
Gellert Katonai1,2,3, Nora Arvai1,3,4, Bertalan Mesko1,3
1Kálmán Laki Doctoral School of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Főépület földszint 15/A, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary, 36 52-258-010 ext. 58010.
Journal of medical Internet research
|August 21, 2025
概括
人工智能可以增强初级医疗保健,但面临实施障碍. 解决可用性,工作流程和公平性对于成功的AI整合至关重要.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学
- 主要医疗保健研究
- 医学的人工智能
背景情况:
- 主要医疗保健 (PHC) 对于可获得的,持续的护理至关重要,但面临着劳动力短缺,行政负担和日益增加的多病症.
- 人工智能 (AI) 通过改善诊断,效率和决策,为医疗保健提供了潜在的解决方案.
- 现有的研究往往忽视了人工智能工具在初级保健中的实际应用和用户体验.
研究的目的:
- 对医疗保健领域的人工智能应用进行范围审查,重点是直接参与利益相关者的实证研究.
- 在现实世界初级保健环境中映射人工智能工具,检查临床工作流程和与通用保健价值观的结合.
主要方法:
- 根据乔安娜·布里格斯研究所和PRISMA-ScR指南,搜索了PubMed,科学网络和Scopus数据库 (截至2024年4月13日).
- 包括实证,同行评审的研究 (2010-2024年) 涉及医疗保健利益相关者 (一般医生,护士,患者) 在现实环境中,评估人工智能应用.
- 排除了仅算法验证,非实证研究和初级保健环境之外的研究;使用主题分析进行综合.
主要成果:
- 73项研究符合纳入标准,分为决策支持 (29%),慢性疾病管理 (22%),操作 (16%),接受/实施 (33%).
- 人工智能工具表现出高技术准确性,特别是在诊断方面.
- 实施面临重大障碍:可用性问题,工作流失,信任缺陷,公平问题和财务限制.
结论:
- 当人工智能与临床推理和关系护理模型相结合时,它有很大的潜力来支持医疗保健.
- 解决可用性,培训和工作流集成等障碍对于有效的AI实施至关重要.
- 未来的研究应侧重于实用性试验,与专业人士共同设计,以及负责任的人工智能部署策略.
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