生成型人工智能在重症监护医学的结果预测中的应用 - - 范围审查
Tanja Stamm1,2, Mohamed Bader-El-Den2, James McNicholas3
1Institute of Outcomes Research, Centre for Medical Data Science, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Frontiers in digital health
|August 21, 2025
概括
生成性人工智能在重症监护结果预测方面表现有前途, 帮助治疗决策. 这篇评论强调了其在数据增强,特征生成和直接预测中的使用,其中生成对抗网络和生成预训练变压器是领先的领域.
科学领域:
- 重症监护医疗
- 人工智能
- 机器学习
背景情况:
- 准确的预测结果对于重症监护患者在最初的24小时内生存至关重要.
- 人工智能 (AI) 在医疗预测方面越来越超过临床医生的表现.
- 在过去的十年中,生成人工智能技术发展迅速.
研究的目的:
- 对生成人工智能模型在重症监护医疗中的预测结果的应用进行范围审查.
- 根据生成性AI在预测中的使用情况对已识别的研究进行分类.
主要方法:
- 进行了全面的文献搜索,发现了481份记录.
- 进行了抽象选和全文审查以评估资格.
- 在最终分析中包括了22项研究和2篇评论文章.
主要成果:
- 确定了生成人工智能的三个主要用例:数据增强,从非结构化数据生成特征和直接预测.
- 生成模型与下游模型一起用于数据增强和特征生成.
- 在第三个用例中,生成模型直接执行预测.
- 最常用的技术是生成对抗网络 (GAN) 和生成预训练变压器 (GPT).
- 大多数出版物 (21/22) 来自过去四年,表明最近的研究激增.
结论:
- 生成性人工智能为加强重症监护结果预测提供了显著的潜力.
- 持续监测新兴的人工智能技术对于优化患者护理至关重要.
- 这些先进的人工智能模型的进一步研究和应用在重症监护环境中是有必要的.
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