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孤独的转变和孤独的预期寿命:24个国家的纵向研究
Jingjie Zhu1, Zeyu Huang1, Shitong Yang1
1School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
International psychogeriatrics
|August 21, 2025
概括
孤独会对老年人的预期寿命产生重大影响. 国内生产总值和公共交通等因素可以减少孤独的预期寿命,促进健康的老龄化.
科学领域:
- 老年学
- 公共卫生
- 社会学
背景情况:
- 全球老年人越来越担心孤独.
- 了解影响孤独转变的因素对于公共卫生干预至关重要.
- 估计孤独与非孤独状态的预期寿命为老龄化提供了新的洞察力.
研究的目的:
- 探索与老年人孤独过渡相关的个人和国家层面的因素.
- 在60岁时估计总预期寿命 (TLE) 和孤独寿命 (LLE).
- 在60岁及以上的人群中发现孤独和康复的预测因素.
主要方法:
- 使用五个协调的跨国队列的数据进行纵向研究设计.
- 包括60岁及以上的61511名老年人.
- 应用多态马尔科夫模型来估计孤独和非孤独状态之间的寿命和过渡概率.
主要成果:
- 个人因素如女性性别,低学历,多病症和心理障碍增加了孤独的风险. 身体活动有助于恢复.
- 较高的国内生产总值,民间社会参与和公共交通设施的普及与孤独风险的降低有关.
- 在60岁时,TLE为23. 14年,LLE为4. 31年. 高GDP和民间社会参与减少了LLE,而城市化增加了LLE. 公共交通显著减少了LLE.
结论:
- 孤独的转变受到个人行为和社会经济因素的复杂相互作用的影响.
- 针对社会经济决定因素的干预措施,如公共交通可达性,可以减少LLE.
- 全球促进健康老龄化需要解决个人层面的风险和影响孤独的宏观社会因素.
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