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通过免疫疗法消除可测量的残留疾病来治疗急性淋巴细胞白血病:目前的情况和未来的方向

Xiao-Su Zhao¹, Yu-Lun Chen¹, Si-Qi Li¹

¹National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Peking University People's Hospital & Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.

Expert review of clinical immunology

|August 21, 2025

概括

在急性淋巴细胞白血病 (ALL) 中,免疫疗法在消除可测量的残留病 (MRD) 方面优于化疗,改善了患者的生存率. 进一步的研究旨在完善这些治疗方法以获得更好的结果.

科学领域:

血液学
免疫学
癌症学

背景情况:

在治疗急性淋巴细胞白血病 (ALL) 方面,可测量的残留性疾病 (MRD) 根除至关重要.
仅仅通过化疗就无法彻底消除MRD.
免疫疗法提供了一种有希望的方法来克服这些局限性.

研究的目的:

审查MRD检测的技术.
评估免疫疗法在不同治疗阶段消除MRD的有效性.
探索影响ALL免疫治疗结果的因素和抵抗机制.

主要方法:

目前MRD检测方法的概述
分析不同ALL治疗环境中的免疫疗法应用 (诱导,巩固,维持,预防,救援).
讨论免疫疗法耐药性机制和患者特定因素.

主要成果:

单独或组合的免疫疗法在消除MRD方面表现优于化疗.
基于免疫治疗的MRD根除策略有改善的生存率.
在接受免疫治疗的患者中,与较差的结果相关的因素的识别.

结论:

免疫疗法代表了ALL治疗的重大进步,改变了治疗环境.
未来的研究应优先考虑生物标志物导向,机制驱动的免疫疗法开发.
临床试验对于优化ALL患者的免疫治疗选择和应用至关重要.

关键词:

最少/可测量的残留疾病急性淋巴细胞白血病消灭免疫疗法抗治疗的白血病细胞

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