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微昆虫的毛翅膀的尺寸和机械最佳性

Dmitry Kolomenskiy¹, Sergey E Farisenkov², Pyotr N Petrov²

¹Center for Materials Technologies, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|August 22, 2025

概括

微型昆虫的翅膀使用毛毛. 机械原理解释了毛发的大小和数量, 优化了小飞动物的翅膀设计.

科学领域:

生物力学
昆虫的形态
进化生物学

背景情况:

优化结构大小对于动物进化和工程至关重要.
微昆虫通常具有毛的翅膀,与膜状翅膀相比,在小尺度上是有利的.
皮毛翼的最佳特性和局限性尚未得到充分研究.

研究的目的:

研究微昆虫中毛翅膀的局限性和最佳特性.
从机械角度解释甲虫翅膀的形态特征和尺度.
根据机械最佳性来推导翅膀参数的功能依赖性.

主要方法:

从甲虫收集的形态和动态数据 (翅膀长度为0.35毫米).
根据机械原理进行理论分析.
考虑惯性最小化,空气动力学和结构刚性约束的衍生功能依赖.

主要成果:

衍生的缩放关系与自然界观察到的经验趋势保持一致.
在小型化过程中翅膀膜的减少可以通过机械最佳性来解释.
毛的数量和间隙宽度取决于空气动力学透度;毛的直径和长度取决于结构刚度.

结论:

机械最佳性解释了昆虫微小化过程中毛翼形态的缩小.
空气动力学和结构刚性要求要求特定的毛皮和翅膀参数.
这些机械原理可能适用于其他小型液体驱动动物.

关键词:

标配学动物飞行微型化

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