对具有慢性疾病的社会经济弱势老年人进行自我管理支持的干预措施:系统性审查
Michael T Lawless1, Candice Oster1, Heather Block1
1Flinders University, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Caring Futures Institute, Bedford Park, SA, Australia.
Patient education and counseling
|August 22, 2025
概括
对于患有慢性疾病的老年人来说, 量身定制的多元计划可以提高生活质量,减少弱势群体使用医疗保健.
科学领域:
- 老年学
- 公共卫生
- 医疗服务研究
背景情况:
- 在社会上处于不利地位的老年人往往面临着管理慢性疾病和多种疾病的重大挑战.
- 有效的自我管理支持对于改善这一群体的健康状况和减少健康差异至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 识别和描述自我管理支持干预的理论,组成部分和有效性.
- 专注于社会弱势的老年人 (≥60岁) 患有慢性疾病和多病症.
主要方法:
- 通过六个电子数据库查找的随机对照试验 (RCT) 的系统审查 (2023年11月).
- 数据提取使用了自主管理支持分类中的实用审查;研究评估使用了修订后的Cochrane偏差风险工具.
- 关键叙述综合指导了包括18项试验的分析 (N=6269).
主要成果:
- 干预措施在理论,组件和交付方面各不相同,显示出改善生活质量,心理健康,自我管理行为和自我效能的潜力.
- 有证据表明,定制的多元干预措施可能对社会经济弱势的老年人特别有效.
- 观察到的积极影响包括医疗保健利用率的减少.
结论:
- 未来的研究应专注于为弱势群体开发可访问,文化上适合和量身定制的自我管理支持干预措施.
- 干预措施需要在初级保健和社区环境中进行有效性,可扩展性和可持续性的评估.
- 医疗保健提供者应将基于理论的多元支持纳入常规护理,并通过灵活的政策和资金来解决健康差异.
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