介绍305-AA:新的国家标准化产量测量,使各个奶牛和环境能够进行公平的比较
Asha M Miles1, Paul M VanRaden1, Jana L Hutchison1
1Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705.
Journal of dairy science
|August 22, 2025
概括
更新的调整因子标准化了乳制品的哺乳产量,以改善遗传评估. 新的因素包括年龄,种类,季节和地区,提高了管理比较和乳品育种计划的准确性.
科学领域:
- 动物科学
- 乳制品科学
- 定量遗传学
背景情况:
- 哺乳产量标准化指标上一次更新是在1994年.
- 自那以后,国家动物模型更新了年龄均等的调整,但这些调整以前没有得到总结.
- 准确的标准化对于遗传评估和奶牛群的管理比较至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 估计用于标准化牛奶,脂肪和蛋白质哺乳产量的新的乘法调整因子.
- 纳入年龄,性别,季节和地理区域的更新因素.
- 提高国家乳制品数据库内遗传评估和管理比较的准确性.
主要方法:
- 从1960年到2022年使用了超过1亿个哺乳记录的多特征模型.
- 包括超过9100万只动物的血统档案,包括永久的环境影响和群体间的相互作用.
- 每个5年周期的新年龄平价因子和每个5年周期的季节因子.
主要成果:
- 使用广泛的哺乳期和血统数据得出了新的乘法因子.
- 根据目前的遗传评估政策,
- 近几十年来,季节性影响减少了,这表明改善了减轻环境影响的管理实践.
结论:
- 新估计的因素为标准化哺乳产量提供了更准确和更统一的方法.
- 这些更新的因素将提高全国乳制品数据库中遗传评估和管理比较的准确性.
- 鼓励广泛采用这些因素来改善奶牛群的管理和育种策略.
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