评估小型奶牛种群的基因组育种计划,广泛使用私人公牛
Þórdís Þórarinsdóttir1, Jón H Eiríksson2, Egill Gautason2
1Icelandic Agricultural Advisory Centre, 603 Akureyri, Iceland.
Journal of dairy science
|August 22, 2025
概括
基因组选择增加了奶牛的遗传收益, 结合精子和胚胎的转移最大限度地提高了在管理内生育的收益,即使是私人公牛使用.
科学领域:
- 动物育种与遗传学
- 乳牛基因组学
- 人口遗传学
背景情况:
- 现代生殖技术和基因组选择在乳牛中提供了显著的遗传收益.
- 小型,本地品种面临的挑战包括近亲繁殖和资源限制,阻碍竞争力.
- 由于使用私人公牛进行自然交配,冰岛乳牛种群的繁殖计划变得复杂.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较与冰岛奶牛相似的种群的基因组育种计划.
- 评估私人公牛使用与基因组选择,多次排卵和胚胎转移 (MOET) 以及性别精液对遗传收益和近亲繁殖的影响.
- 确定小型奶牛种群的最佳育种策略.
主要方法:
- 模拟了 80 种替代品养殖方案,用于 18,000 头奶牛.
- 在不同模拟繁殖计划中比较遗传收益和近亲繁殖率.
- 评估性精液,MOET计划和私人公牛使用的影响.
主要成果:
- 一个结合性别精子和50名捐赠者的育种计划为MOET带来了最高的遗传收益.
- 不管私人公牛使用,每代内生育率仍低于1.0%,每年选取15个以上的人工授精 (AI) 的公牛.
- 私人公牛减少了整体遗传收益,基因组选择只能部分减轻这种影响.
结论:
- 在基因组选择的小群体中,MOET和性别精液都能增强遗传收益.
- 需要仔细考虑MOET捐赠计划的成本效益和替代品的可用性.
- 为了控制小型乳牛种群的近亲繁殖率,建议选择最佳贡献.
更多相关视频
09:04Transcriptome Profiling of In-Vivo Produced Bovine Pre-implantation Embryos Using Two-color Microarray Platform
Published on: January 30, 2017
7.9K
07:46Author Spotlight: Improving Beef Cattle Nutrition and Production with a Focus on Feed Efficiency and Meat Quality Traits Through Advanced Biochemical and Molecular Assays
Published on: July 12, 2024
628
相关概念视频
Conservation of Small Populations
13.5K
Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less...
13.5K
Cloning of Dolly the Sheep
4.6K
The first successfully cloned mammal was Dolly, a sheep, born on 5th July 1996 at Roslin Institute, Scotland. The cloned sheep was named after the American singer Dolly Parton. Dolly lived for seven years and died of respiratory complications, which is speculated to be due to the actual age of her DNA. Because the DNA in cloned cells belongs to an older individual, the cloned individual’s life expectancy may be affected. Indeed, analysis of Dolly’s DNA revealed shorter...
4.6K
Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
19.7K
Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.
19.7K
The Central Dogma
28.0K
The central dogma explains the flow of genetic information from DNA nucleotides to the amino acid sequence of proteins.
RNA is the Missing Link Between DNA and Proteins
In the early 1900s, scientists discovered that DNA stores all the information needed for cellular functions and that proteins perform most of these functions. However, the mechanisms of converting genetic information into functional proteins remained unknown for many years. Initially, it was believed that a single gene is...
RNA is the Missing Link Between DNA and Proteins
In the early 1900s, scientists discovered that DNA stores all the information needed for cellular functions and that proteins perform most of these functions. However, the mechanisms of converting genetic information into functional proteins remained unknown for many years. Initially, it was believed that a single gene is...
28.0K
