在资源有限的环境中不适当使用抗生素的社会和商业决定因素:社会生态系统框架分析
Abdullah Al Masud1, Ramesh Lahiru Walpola2, Mujibul Anam3
1School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP
|August 22, 2025
概括
在孟加拉国, 医疗系统的弱点和商业压力导致了抗生素的滥用. 解决社会和经济因素对于有效的抗菌管理至关重要.
科学领域:
- 全球健康
- 社会科学
- 药理学
背景情况:
- 低收入和中等收入国家普遍使用非处方抗生素,
- 研究经常忽视影响社区环境中的抗生素获取和使用的社会和商业决定因素.
研究的目的:
- 调查孟加拉国抗生素处方,发行和使用的社会和商业驱动因素.
- 研究社会生态系统如何影响与抗生素营销和使用相关的观念和做法.
主要方法:
- 一项定性研究采用了64次与药店药品销售商,药品销售代表,注册医生和抗生素使用者的深入采访.
- 数据收集发生在孟加拉的城市和农村地区.
- 一个社会生态系统框架指导了社会和商业决定因素的研究.
主要成果:
- 公共医疗保健的缺陷 (长期等待,缺乏,诊断有限) 迫使患者转向私人和非正式提供者.
- 许多人,尤其是低收入群体, 寻求从毒品贩子和不合格的提供者那里得到治疗, 这导致不必要的抗生素使用.
- 制药公司通过销售代表,财务激励和针对非正式供应商对处方和发行产生很大影响,而监管和执法方面的弱点则允许继续进行不受监管的销售.
- 患者对即时康复的期望和以前从非正式来源接触的抗生素有助于不适当的强抗生素处方和不完整的治疗方案,加剧了抗菌素耐药性.
结论:
- 有效的抗菌管理需要加强卫生系统和实施特定环境的政策.
- 针对抗生素供应和需求的行为改变干预措施至关重要.
- 提高意识,执行法规,考虑利益相关者的经济现实对于改善抗生素使用至关重要.
相关概念视频
00:57Antibiotic Selection
55.2K
Overview
55.2K
01:30Development of Antibiotic Resistance
197
Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
197
01:28Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing
92
Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
92
01:22Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures
2.8K
Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
2.8K
01:26Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test
114
A urine culture and sensitivity test is a diagnostic procedure used to identify urinary tract bacterial infections and determine the most effective antibiotics for treatment. This test is generally preferred when a patient shows manifestations of a urinary tract infection, such as frequent or painful urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, or lower abdominal pain.Purpose of the TestThe primary goals of a urine culture and sensitivity test are to:Determine the specific bacteria causing the...
114
01:27Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism
4.7K
Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
Such synergistic combinations...
Such synergistic combinations...
4.7K