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通过正念克服精神疲劳:提高精英手球运动员的身体和认知表现
Walter Staiano1, Line Maj Sternberg2, Ana Ferri-Caruana3
1Faculty of Science of Physical Education and Sport, University of Valencia, Spain; Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
Journal of science and medicine in sport
|August 22, 2025
概括
在精英手球运动员中提高认知功能和冲刺敏捷性, 即使精神疲劳. 这种干预增强了执行功能而不会增加生理上的压力.
科学领域:
- 运动科学
- 认知心理学
- 正念研究
背景情况:
- 精英运动员面临严重的精神疲劳,
- 有限的经验证据表明正念干预可以缓冲运动员的精神疲劳.
- 这项研究解决了对正念对运动员认知和身体能力影响的证据的需求.
研究的目的:
- 调查六周的基于正念的干预 (MBI) 是否提高了精英手球运动员的认知和体育特异性表现.
- 评估MBI在新鲜和精神疲劳的状态的影响.
- 确定正念训练是否能缓解与精神疲劳相关的下降.
主要方法:
- 一个随机控制的预测后训练研究涉及79名精英手球运动员.
- 干预组 (n=40) 接受2.5小时/周的结构化正念 (mPEAK+Headspace);对照组 (n=39) 接受积极对照组.
- 在干预前和后评估认知 (思维游荡,反应抑制) 和身体 (重复冲刺能力,反应敏捷性) 性能.
主要成果:
- 在Stroop测试中,正念小组在持续关注响应任务 (SART) 中表现出更好的准确性和更短的反应时间.
- 特别是在精神疲劳诱导后,观察到短跑时间和反应敏捷度的显著改善.
- 正念组报告了较低的心理需求和挫折感, 两组之间没有显著的生理差异.
结论:
- 一个为期六周的基于正念的干预, 每天整合20分钟, 增强执行功能和精英手球运动员的敏捷表现.
- 这些好处在新鲜和精神疲劳的条件下都很明显.
- 这种干预改善了表现,而没有增加生理负载,这表明是认知而不是生理适应.
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