使用胸部放射图像的肺结节智能诊断模型及其在社区肺癌查中的应用
Junxian Li1, Ya Liu2, Liwen Zhang3
1Department of Blood Transfusion, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy in Tianjin, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
British journal of cancer
|August 22, 2025
概括
这项研究引入了CXR-RANet,这是一种AI工具,可以通过胸部X射线 (CXR) 改善早期肺癌检测. 该模型提高了社区医生的诊断准确性,尤其是在没有先进查的地方.
科学领域:
- 医疗成像中的人工智能
- 放射学和医学诊断
- 瘤和癌症研究
背景情况:
- 肺癌对全球健康构成重大风险,许多地区对低剂量计算机断层扫描 (LDCT) 等先进的查方法的获取有限.
- 胸部X射线 (CXR) 在中国广泛用于早期肺癌检测,但其诊断精度可以提高.
- 整合人工智能与CXR分析为改善早期肺癌诊断和治疗提供了有希望的方法.
研究的目的:
- 开发和验证深度学习 (DL) 模型CXR-RANet,用于使用胸部X射线 (CXR) 增强肺癌检测.
- 与现有的深度学习和传统机器学习算法相比,评估模型在特征提取和分类方面的性能.
- 评估该模型作为社区医生在早期肺癌诊断和管理中的可扩展工具的实用性.
主要方法:
- 一个深度学习 (DL) 模型,CXR-RANet,是在TMUCIH开发的,使用来自2518个人的4079个CXR,分为训练和验证集.
- 该模型在两个大型队列上进行了外部验证:PLCO数据集 (24,697名个人,88562张图像) 和CESTDR数据集 (4848名个人).
- 用于特征提取和传统机器学习 (ML) 模型进行分类.
主要成果:
- 在CXR- RANet模型中表现出强的性能,在内部验证中达到0. 933的AUC,在ChestDR数据集中达到0. 818.
- 在PLCO数据集中,该模型预测肺癌发生率为0. 902 (3年),0. 897 (5年) 和0. 793 (10年).
- 在特征提取方面,CXR-RANet模型优于主流DL算法,在分类任务中优于大多数ML算法.
结论:
- 该CXR-RANet模型是CXR肺结节和肺癌诊断的强大可扩展工具.
- 它显著提高了社区医生的诊断能力,
- 该模型在特征提取和分类方面的卓越性能凸显了其在广泛的肺癌查计划中的潜在价值.
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