T2T基因组揭示大黄 (Larimichthys crocea) 中心结构和适应差异
Yu Cui1, Yingbo Yuan1, Bi Wang1
1Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|August 23, 2025
概括
这项研究为大黄 (Larimichthys crocea) 提供了两个完整的无间隙基因组. 这些基因组揭示了中心结构和特定种群的适应性,这对水产养殖和保护至关重要.
科学领域:
- 基因组学
- 进化生物学
- 水产养殖
背景情况:
- 大黄鱼 (Larimichthys crocea) 对水产养殖至关重要,但不完整的基因组限制了进化和适应性研究.
- 由于基因组间隙,该物种的中心区域和适应性进化仍然不太清楚.
研究的目的:
- 为两种不同种群的Larimichthys crocea (Min-Yuedong和Daiqu) 产生高质量的端粒对端粒 (T2T) 无间隙的基因组组.
- 描述中心结构,识别新基因,分析特定种群的适应变异.
- 为了解L. crocea的进化,保护和繁殖提供全面的基因组资源.
主要方法:
- 端粒对端粒 (T2T) 测序和组装以创建无间隙的基因组.
- 生物信息分析以表征中心重复结构 (Cen-42,ERV1-LTR元素) 和5S核糖体RNA基因集群.
- 比较基因组学以确定基因数量/组成差异,结构变异和特定群体的适应性特征.
主要成果:
- 两种无间隙的T2T基因组 (T2T-MYD和T2T-DQ) 已成功组装为不同的L. crocea种群.
- 中粒体具有42bp串联重复 (Cen-42) 和内源逆转录病毒1 (ERV1) LTR元素,具有活跃的转录.
- 观察到基因含量和数量的显著差异,以及对人群的特定结构变异和代谢,化学感应和昼夜节律的适应性差异.
结论:
- T2T基因组解决了以前未组装的区域,识别了数百个新基因,并提供了前所未有的中心组织细节.
- 两种L. crocea种群之间的比较分析揭示了不同的进化轨迹和适应策略.
- 这些基因组资源是未来对L. crocea进化,保护努力和选择性育种计划的基础.
相关概念视频
Lampbrush Chromosomes
8.0K
In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops...
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops...
8.0K
Gene Duplication and Divergence
6.3K
The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
6.3K
Convergent Evolution
28.9K
Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
28.9K
Genetics of Speciation
19.5K
Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.
19.5K
Cis-regulatory Sequences
10.1K
Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
10.1K
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes
8.3K
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
8.3K


